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Ekme\u011fin k\u0131zar\u0131rken yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 koku i\u015ftah\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7ar de\u011fil mi? Peki, bu g\u00fczel kokunun bug\u00fcn neredeyse her \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yer bulan bir icad\u0131n habercisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylesek? Evet, tahmin etti\u011finiz gibi: \u0130ki ekmek dilimi aras\u0131nda eriyen peynir, sucuk, baharat ve sebzelerle zenginle\u015fen o vazge\u00e7ilmez lezzetten, yani tosttan bahsediyoruz. Haydi gelin, tostun tarihine birlikte g\u00f6z atal\u0131m ve bu \u00e7\u0131t\u0131r hik\u00e2yenin icad\u0131 olan tost makinesinin izini birlikte s\u00fcrelim.<\/p>\n
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\u201cTost\u201d kelimesi, Latince \u201ctorrere\u201d fiilinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir ve \u201cyakmak\u201d, \u201ckavurmak\u201d ya da \u201ck\u0131zartmak\u201d anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. \u0130lk medeniyetler, ekme\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k ate\u015fte hafif\u00e7e yakarak hem lezzetini art\u0131r\u0131r hem de k\u00fcflenmesini \u00f6nlerdi. Romal\u0131lar bu y\u00f6ntemi Antik M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan \u00f6\u011frenip M\u00d6 500\u2019lerde kendi mutfaklar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. MS 44 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise Britanya\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda bu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek tost gelene\u011fini orada da yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
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Elektrikli tost makinesinin icad\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, ekmekler ate\u015fin ya da mutfak \u0131zgaras\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda tutulan metal \u00e7er\u00e7eveler ve uzun sapl\u0131 \u00e7atallar yard\u0131m\u0131yla k\u0131zart\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu uzun sapl\u0131 tost \u00e7atallar\u0131 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yayg\u0131n h\u00e2le geldi. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019da k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 s\u00fcslemelere sahip el yap\u0131m\u0131 ekmek k\u0131zartma makineleri \u00fcretildi; 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise benzer tasar\u0131mlar \u0130ngiltere\u2019de de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr oldu.<\/p>\n
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1880\u2019lerde odun ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr sobalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131nca ekme\u011fi daha pratik \u015fekilde k\u0131zartacak yeni y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirildi. Bu d\u00f6nemde teneke ve telden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f piramit bi\u00e7imli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fczenekler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; ekmek bu aletlerin i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilip ocak \u00fczerinde \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ancak bu cihaz otomatik de\u011fildi; ekme\u011fin yanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli ba\u015f\u0131nda durmak gerekiyordu. Ayr\u0131ca s\u0131k s\u0131k k\u0131sa devre yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yayg\u0131nla\u015famad\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Tost makinelerinin modern h\u00e2line kavu\u015fmas\u0131 elektri\u011fin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. Elektrikli tost makinesinin yolculu\u011fu, 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcretilen ilk modellerle ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu cihazlar, ekme\u011fi tek tek k\u0131zartan \u00e7\u0131plak tellere sahipti. 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131tma elemanlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yenilikler daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve verimli tellerin geli\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131; bu sayede elektrikli tost makineleri daha g\u00fcvenli ve kullan\u0131labilir h\u00e2le geldi. Ticari olarak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan ilk elektrikli tost makineleri, 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu modellerde tek bir \u0131s\u0131tma eleman\u0131 bulunuyor ve ekme\u011fin her iki taraf\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131zartmak i\u00e7in elle \u00e7evrilmesi gerekiyordu. Her ne kadar \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 olsalar da ekme\u011fin yaln\u0131zca bir taraf\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131zartabilmeleri ve yanmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6zetim gerektirmeleri otomatik tost makinelerinin geli\u015ftirilmesine ilham verdi.<\/p>\n
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Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta elektrikli ekmek k\u0131zartma makineleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla restoranlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc evlerde elektrik hen\u00fcz yayg\u0131n de\u011fildi. Cihazlar\u0131n ev mutfaklar\u0131na girebilmesi i\u00e7in hem talebin artmas\u0131 hem de elektrik \u015firketlerinin 24 saat hizmet vermeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 gerekiyordu. 1919\u2019da Amerikal\u0131 Charles Strite, ayarlanabilir bir zamanlay\u0131c\u0131 ve yay mekanizmas\u0131yla ekmek pi\u015fti\u011finde dilimin otomatik olarak f\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan pop-up ekmek k\u0131zartma makinesini geli\u015ftirdi. Strite bu icad\u0131 i\u00e7in patent ald\u0131 ve makineleri \u00f6nce restoranlara satt\u0131. 1926\u2019da ev tipi pop-up ekmek k\u0131zartma makinesi seri \u00fcretime ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bu geli\u015fmeler, bu makinelerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede modern mutfaklar\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmezlerinden biri h\u00e2line gelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Ekmek dilimleme makinesinin icad\u0131, ekmek k\u0131zartma makinelerine olan talebi daha da art\u0131rd\u0131. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llardan itibaren, \u00f6zellikle Amerika\u2019da, bu makineler ev mutfaklar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n h\u00e2le geldi. Ekonomik fiyatlar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede mutfak demirba\u015f\u0131 oldu. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde dilimlenmi\u015f ekmeklerin piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bu i\u015flemi daha da pratik h\u00e2le getirdi. 1960’a gelindi\u011finde ekmek k\u0131zartma makinesi art\u0131k mutfaklar\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmeziydi.<\/p>\n
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1980\u2019lerde \u0131s\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 plastiklerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte, klasik ekmek k\u0131zartma makineleri yerini daha modern, \u00e7ok i\u015flevli tost makinelerine b\u0131rakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yuvarlak kenarl\u0131 ve renkli modeller trend oldu. Simit ve kal\u0131n ekmek dilimleri i\u00e7in geni\u015f yuvalar tasarland\u0131; baz\u0131 modellerde ayn\u0131 anda birden fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn k\u0131zart\u0131labiliyordu. Bu geli\u015fmeler, tost makinelerinin yaln\u0131zca tasar\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, fonksiyonellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fmesine zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”8#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”32767″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise \u201cak\u0131ll\u0131 tost makineleri\u201d ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Mikro\u00e7ip teknolojisi sayesinde bu cihazlar, simitlerden keklere ve dondurulmu\u015f hamur i\u015flerine kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli unlu mamulleri hassas ve kolay \u015fekilde k\u0131zartabiliyor.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”9#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”32769″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tost makineleri art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca mutfak aleti olarak de\u011fil; k\u0131yafetlerde, CD kapaklar\u0131nda, tuzluk-biberlik tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda ve sanat eserlerinde de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. En \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rnek, \u0130talyan bir sanat galerisinde sergilenen; beyaz, bej, ten rengi, toprak sar\u0131s\u0131, pas ve siyah tonlar\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere farkl\u0131 k\u0131zarma derecelerine sahip 3.053 dilim ekmek kullan\u0131larak olu\u015fturulan mozaik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ingrid Falk ve Gustavo Aguerre imzal\u0131 bu eser, tamamen k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f ekmeklerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; mozaik olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in gereken renk tonlar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek amac\u0131yla, ekmek dilimleri s\u0131radan tost makinelerinde farkl\u0131 s\u00fcrelerde k\u0131zart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Ekme\u011fin k\u0131zar\u0131rken yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 koku i\u015ftah\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7ar de\u011fil mi? Peki, bu g\u00fczel kokunun bug\u00fcn neredeyse her \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yer bulan bir icad\u0131n habercisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylesek? Evet, tahmin etti\u011finiz gibi: \u0130ki ekmek dilimi aras\u0131nda eriyen peynir, sucuk, baharat ve sebzelerle zenginle\u015fen o vazge\u00e7ilmez lezzetten, yani tosttan bahsediyoruz. Haydi gelin, tostun tarihine birlikte g\u00f6z atal\u0131m ve bu \u00e7\u0131t\u0131r […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32760,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1437,4643,4644],"class_list":["post-32759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-ekmek","tag-tost","tag-tost-makinesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32759"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32759\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}