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Do\u011fan\u0131n sesiyle insan\u0131n i\u00e7 sesi aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc kuran kaval sadece bir m\u00fczik aleti de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir anlat\u0131 arac\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcretiminin kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nabilirli\u011fi sayesinde hem g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hem de yerle\u015fik hayatta kendine yer a\u00e7an; bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcrk\u00fc ve halk hik\u00e2yesine konu olan; e\u011flence, g\u00f6\u00e7 ya da a\u011f\u0131t gibi \u00f6zel anlarda \u00fcflenen kaval\u0131n sesi sizleri de duyguland\u0131r\u0131r m\u0131? Kimi zaman bir \u00e7oban\u0131n yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kimi zaman bir halk\u0131n sevin\u00e7 ve h\u00fcz\u00fcnlerini dile getiren, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimin i\u00e7inden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen kaval\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6zelliklerini sizler i\u00e7in derledik.<\/p>\n
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Kaval\u0131n k\u00f6keni Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019a kadar uzan\u0131r. Arkeolojik kaz\u0131larla ilk \u00f6rneklerinin i\u00e7i bo\u015f kam\u0131\u015ftan (karg\u0131) yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Bulunan \u00e7alg\u0131lar genellikle fl\u00fct olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lsa da yap\u0131lar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde kavala daha \u00e7ok benzedikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Slovenya ve \u00c7in\u2019de ke\u015ffedilen kemikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f nefesli \u00e7alg\u0131lar ile M\u0131s\u0131r piramitlerindeki duvar resimleri ve kabartmalar, bu \u00e7alg\u0131n\u0131n tek bir merkezden \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrde birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise nefesli \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6kenini, Ural-Altay Da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00d6n T\u00fcrklere dayand\u0131r\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, kaval ve benzeri \u00e7alg\u0131lar T\u00fcrklerin Orta Asya\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7leriyle birlikte Anadolu, Bat\u0131 Asya ve Avrupa\u2019ya kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Kaval, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta do\u011fada kolay bulunan kam\u0131\u015f ve kemik gibi malzemelerden yap\u0131l\u0131rken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde teknolojinin geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte sert yap\u0131l\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan (erik, k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k, \u015fim\u015fir, kay\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7am, bambu gibi), maden\u00ee ala\u015f\u0131mlar (al\u00fcminyum, pirin\u00e7 vb.) ve plastikten de \u00fcretilmektedir. Kaval yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan malzeme, \u00e7alg\u0131n\u0131n ses kalitesini ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler. Ah\u015faptan yap\u0131lan kaval; do\u011fal, s\u0131cak ve yumu\u015fak t\u0131n\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zellikle halk m\u00fczi\u011finde canl\u0131 ve duygusal bir ses sunar ancak neme ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Kaval, \u00fcflemeyle ses \u00e7\u0131karan bir \u00e7alg\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ses \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in \u201cdil\u201d ad\u0131 verilen aparat vard\u0131r, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ise her iki ucu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00dczerindeki delikler parmaklarla kapat\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131larak farkl\u0131 sesler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Alt k\u0131s\u0131mda akort i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan delikler de olabilir. \u0130ki ucu a\u00e7\u0131k kavallarda, \u00fcfleme i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131 bulunur; bu k\u0131s\u0131m genellikle a\u011fa\u00e7tan ya da plastikten yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kavallar genellikle tek par\u00e7a olsa da art\u0131k iki ya da \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7al\u0131 modelleri de yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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A\u011fa\u00e7 ve kam\u0131\u015ftan yap\u0131lan kavallar\u0131n uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli bak\u0131m gereklidir. \u00c7atlama, e\u011filme ve ses bozulmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in belirli aral\u0131klarla temizlik ve ya\u011flama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u011flama i\u015fleminde, asit oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bitkisel ya\u011flar tercih edilmeli; ya\u011f, \u00f6zel bir hazneyle kaval\u0131n i\u00e7ine d\u00f6k\u00fclerek her b\u00f6lgeye yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan yumu\u015fak bez sar\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00e7ubuk ya da ucuna a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ba\u011fl\u0131 temizlik beziyle i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyler \u00f6zenle silinmelidir.<\/p>\n
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Anadolu\u2019da kaval icrac\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle yeti\u015fmi\u015f ustalard\u0131r ve b\u00f6lgesel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Erzurum ve Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde kaval hem solo hem de topluluk m\u00fczi\u011finde yo\u011fun olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r; \u00e7oban k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f bu m\u00fczik, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fu kesimlerinde ise kaval, horon ve di\u011fer halk oyunlar\u0131na e\u015flik eden \u00f6nemli nefesli \u00e7alg\u0131lardan biridir. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve \u00c7ukurova\u2019da ise d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve kutlamalarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla tercih edilir. Bu ustalar, ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan teknik ve repertuvarla Anadolu\u2019nun zengin m\u00fczik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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\u015eimdi sizleri, t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 nefesle can bulan bu geleneksel \u00e7alg\u0131ya adayan kaval ustas\u0131 Ya\u015far G\u00fc\u00e7 ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m. 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tokat\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015f\u00e7iftlik il\u00e7esi Erikbelen k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fan Ya\u015far G\u00fc\u00e7, hen\u00fcz 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken babas\u0131 Hasan H\u00fcseyin G\u00fc\u00e7\u2019\u00fcn yan\u0131nda kaval ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131rak olarak ad\u0131m atar. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan \u201cYa\u015fayan \u0130nsan Hazinesi\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131na lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen G\u00fc\u00e7\u2019\u00fcn at\u00f6lyesi bug\u00fcn, ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201cKavalc\u0131 Sokak\u201dta yer al\u0131yor. Ya\u015far Usta\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iste\u011fi, kaval gelene\u011finin gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklarca \u00f6\u011frenilerek ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve gelece\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131. Videoda, Ya\u015far G\u00fc\u00e7\u2019\u00fcn kaval sanat\u0131na duydu\u011fu derin ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, usta-\u00e7\u0131rak ili\u015fkilerinin izlerini ve bu \u00e7alg\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferini kendi anlat\u0131m\u0131yla dinleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Do\u011fan\u0131n sesiyle insan\u0131n i\u00e7 sesi aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc kuran kaval sadece bir m\u00fczik aleti de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir anlat\u0131 arac\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcretiminin kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nabilirli\u011fi sayesinde hem g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hem de yerle\u015fik hayatta kendine yer a\u00e7an; bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcrk\u00fc ve halk hik\u00e2yesine konu olan; e\u011flence, g\u00f6\u00e7 ya da a\u011f\u0131t gibi \u00f6zel anlarda \u00fcflenen kaval\u0131n sesi sizleri de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32578,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[4589,4590,3976,2118],"class_list":["post-32577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-kaval","tag-muzik-aleti","tag-usta","tag-zanaat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32577"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32577\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}