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T\u00fcrk dili ailesi, Avrasya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131ndan Anadolu\u2019ya, oradan Sibirya\u2019ya uzanan yayg\u0131n bir dil toplulu\u011funu ifade eder. T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Kazak\u00e7a, T\u00fcrkmence gibi bir\u00e7ok leh\u00e7e ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten beslenir; her biri farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda kendi ses rengini olu\u015fturur. Bu geni\u015f ailenin bilinen en eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 olan Orhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131, Danimarkal\u0131 bilim insan\u0131 Wilhelm Thomsen taraf\u0131ndan 15 Aral\u0131k 1893\u2019te \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenerek bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. UNESCO\u2019nun 3 Kas\u0131m 2025 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen 43. Genel Konferans\u0131\u2019nda al\u0131nan kararla 15 Aral\u0131k\u2019\u0131 \u201cD\u00fcnya T\u00fcrk Dili Ailesi G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak ilan etmesi ise bu ortak miras\u0131n evrensel de\u011ferini vurgular. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bug\u00fcn en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan ilk 20 dil aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok noktas\u0131nda milyonlarca ki\u015fi bu ailenin farkl\u0131 leh\u00e7eleriyle konu\u015fur. \u015eimdi, dilimizin bu geni\u015f ailesine yak\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
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T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6nemini olu\u015fturur. 1911\u2019de Gen\u00e7 Kalemler dergisinde \u00d6mer Seyfettin ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yeni Lisan Hareketi, konu\u015fma dilini yaz\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 ve Arap\u00e7a-Fars\u00e7a kal\u0131plar\u0131 sadele\u015ftirmeyi hedeflemi\u015ftir. Ama\u00e7; taklitten uzak, mill\u00ee bir edebiyat ortaya koymakt\u0131r. Bu \u00e7abalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Dil Devrimi gelir; 1928\u2019de Harf Devrimi, 1932\u2019de T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu ile T\u00fcrk\u00e7e sistemli \u015fekilde ele al\u0131n\u0131r, sadele\u015fir ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz yaz\u0131 dilinin temellerini kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesi, Sel\u00e7uklu ve \u0130lhanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde h\u0131z kazan\u0131r. Ancak b\u00f6lgeye gelenlerden \u00f6nce de yerli halkla kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan topluluklar vard\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde kullan\u0131lan leh\u00e7eye Azeri denir ve Fars etkisi ta\u015f\u0131r. T\u00fcrkmenlerin geli\u015fiyle Do\u011fu ve K\u0131p\u00e7ak boylar\u0131 dillerine O\u011fuz unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 da katarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin temellerini atar. Bug\u00fcn bu dil, kuzeyde Azerbaycan, g\u00fcneyde \u0130ran Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kuzeydo\u011fusunda konu\u015fulur.<\/p>\n
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T\u00fcrkmen T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, T\u00fcrk dilleri i\u00e7inde g\u00fcney-bat\u0131 O\u011fuz grubuna aittir ve T\u00fcrkmenistan n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulur. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 diyalekt ve a\u011fza sahiptir. Tarih boyunca Arap alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lan T\u00fcrkmen T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, 1928\u2019de Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7er. 1940\u2019ta Kiril alfabesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r; bu alfabe, Rus alfabesine T\u00fcrkmen T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin be\u015f \u00f6zel sesinin eklenmesiyle 38 harften olu\u015fur. 1993\u2019te ise 30 harften olu\u015fan yeni Latin alfabesi kabul edilir ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de kullan\u0131lmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n
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\u00d6zbek T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile Karluk grubuna d\u00e2hildir. \u00d6zbekistan, etnik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengindir; K\u0131p\u00e7ak, Karluk ve O\u011fuz boylar\u0131n\u0131n hemen her kolu burada ya\u015far. Bu durum, \u00d6zbek T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ana a\u011f\u0131zlar ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alt gruplar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na yans\u0131r. Tarih boyunca yaz\u0131 dili de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir: 1930\u2019a kadar Arap alfabesi, 1930-1940 aras\u0131 Latin alfabesi, 1940\u2019tan sonra Kiril alfabesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1995\u2019te ise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00d6zbekistan\u2019da Latin alfabesi kabul edilmi\u015ftir ancak ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
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Kazak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7elerinin K\u0131p\u00e7ak grubuna girer ve T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu yak\u0131nl\u0131k, Kazaklar\u0131n K\u0131p\u00e7ak boylar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrklerini olu\u015fturan O\u011fuz boylar\u0131n\u0131n tarih boyunca kom\u015fu olarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Kazak T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, kuzeydo\u011fu, g\u00fcney ve bat\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 kola ayr\u0131l\u0131r; kuzeydo\u011fu kolu \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f yaz\u0131 dilinin temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
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K\u0131rg\u0131zlar hakk\u0131nda bilinen ilk tarih\u00ee bilgiler M\u00d6 201 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131r. Eski \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, kendi devlet yap\u0131s\u0131na ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ordusuna sahip en eski T\u00fcrk boyu olarak ge\u00e7er. K\u0131rg\u0131z T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi de bu tarihle beraber olarak \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. Dil, bir yandan Mo\u011folca, Sar\u0131 Uygurca ve G\u00fcney Sibirya T\u00fcrk dilleriyle, di\u011fer yandan K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrk dilleriyle yak\u0131n \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrkoloji tasniflerinde bazen K\u0131p\u00e7ak grubu, bazen de Sibirya grubu i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n
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Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, T\u00fcrk dilleri ailesinin K\u0131p\u00e7ak koluna girer. Tarih\u00ee kaynaklarda 15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. O d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131 dili \u00c7a\u011fatayca harflerle kaydedilir; halk\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu dilden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Tatarca, halk\u0131n anlayaca\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde geli\u015ftirilir. Kayyum Nas\u0131r\u00ee ve \u015eihabeddin Mercani gibi isimler, Tatarca\u2019y\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131na ve okullara ta\u015f\u0131r. Yaz\u0131 dili, tarih boyunca de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterir: 1923\u2019e kadar Arap alfabesi, 1928-1939 aras\u0131nda Latin alfabesi, 1939\u2019dan itibaren ise Kiril k\u00f6kenli alfabe kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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\u201cUygur\u201d ad\u0131na T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklarda ilk kez Bilge Ka\u011fan Yaz\u0131t\u0131\u2019nda rastlan\u0131l\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da konu\u015fulan Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, tarihsel olarak \u00c7a\u011fatay edeb\u00ee dilinin devam\u0131 kabul edilir. Urum\u00e7i merkezli bu leh\u00e7e, tarih boyunca farkl\u0131 yaz\u0131 sistemleriyle kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Arap, Kiril ve Latin k\u00f6kenli alfabeler d\u00f6nemsel olarak yer de\u011fi\u015ftirirken g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 32 harfli Uygur-Arap alfabesi yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131 gelene\u011fi ve halk metinleriyle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir haf\u0131za ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Sibirya co\u011frafyas\u0131, erken d\u00f6nemlerden beri T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n yurt tuttu\u011fu geni\u015f bir aland\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgenin kuzeydo\u011fusunda yer alan Saha (Yakut) Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde konu\u015fulan dil, T\u00fcrk dil ailesinin Sibirya kolunu temsil eder. Rus ve Bat\u0131 literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u201cYakut\u201d ad\u0131yla ge\u00e7en halk, kendisini \u201cSaha\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r. K\u00f6kl\u00fc bir s\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahip olan bu leh\u00e7e, so\u011fuk iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini de dilin kelime haznesine yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] T\u00fcrk dili ailesi, Avrasya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131ndan Anadolu\u2019ya, oradan Sibirya\u2019ya uzanan yayg\u0131n bir dil toplulu\u011funu ifade eder. T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Kazak\u00e7a, T\u00fcrkmence gibi bir\u00e7ok leh\u00e7e ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten beslenir; her biri farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda kendi ses rengini olu\u015fturur. Bu geni\u015f ailenin bilinen en eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 olan Orhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131, Danimarkal\u0131 bilim insan\u0131 Wilhelm Thomsen taraf\u0131ndan 15 Aral\u0131k 1893\u2019te \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenerek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1601,4361,4362,4363,1659],"class_list":["post-32313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-dil","tag-dunya-turk-dili-ailesi","tag-dunya-turk-dili-ailesi-gunu","tag-turk-dili","tag-unesco"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32313\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}