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Amerikal\u0131 e\u011fitimci Helen Keller, k\u00f6r ve sa\u011f\u0131r olman\u0131n zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak hayat\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131na ilham vermeye adam\u0131\u015f \u00f6zel biriydi; parlak zek\u00e2s\u0131, azmi, kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131yla engelleri olan bireylerin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve \u00fcretken bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. S\u00f6zleri gibi ya\u015fam\u0131 da cesaret ve umudun birlikteli\u011fiyle ge\u00e7ti: “Unutmay\u0131n, g\u00fczel bir \u015feye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz hi\u00e7bir \u00e7aba bo\u015fa gitmez. Bir g\u00fcn, bir yerde, bir \u015fekilde arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bulaca\u011f\u0131z.” diyen Helen Keller\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 ve ilham veren yolculu\u011funu sizler i\u00e7in derledik.<\/p>\n
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27 Haziran 1880 tarihinde Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin Alabama eyaletinde, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Tuscumbia kasabas\u0131nda bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu d\u00fcnyaya geldi: Helen Keller. Arthur H. Keller ve Katherine Adams Keller \u00e7iftinin ilk k\u0131zlar\u0131yd\u0131; aile ge\u00e7imini pamuk tarlalar\u0131ndan sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Helen, do\u011fdu\u011funda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve ne\u015feliydi; 6 ayl\u0131kken konu\u015fmay\u0131, 1 ya\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti. Fakat 19 ayl\u0131kken ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi gizemli bir hastal\u0131k her \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Doktorlar\u0131n \u201cbeyin hummas\u0131\u201d dedi\u011fi bu rahats\u0131zl\u0131k, y\u00fcksek ate\u015fin ard\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Helen\u2019den hem g\u00f6rme hem i\u015fitme yetisini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Helen b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e ailesinin \u00e7aresizli\u011fi derinle\u015fiyordu. Onunla ileti\u015fim kurmak neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131. Annesi Katherine ise pes etmedi. 1886\u2019da Charles Dickens\u2019\u0131n \u201cAmerican Notes\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda hem k\u00f6r hem sa\u011f\u0131r bir \u00e7ocuk olan Laura Bridgman\u2019\u0131n e\u011fitim hik\u00e2yesini okudu. Bu sat\u0131rlar annenin i\u00e7inde yeniden umut ye\u015fertti. Katherine hemen harekete ge\u00e7ti. Helen ve babas\u0131 Arthur\u2019u, Maryland\u2019deki uzman Dr. J. Julian Chisolm\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Doktor, o d\u00f6nemde sa\u011f\u0131r \u00e7ocuklarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Alexander Graham Bell\u2019i g\u00f6rmelerini \u00f6nerdi. Bell, aileye Boston\u2019daki Perkins K\u00f6rler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc tavsiye etti. Okulun m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Michael Anagnos, Helen\u2019e \u00f6zel bir \u00f6\u011fretmen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc: Anne Sullivan. Bu tan\u0131\u015fma, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cmucize \u00f6\u011fretmen\u201d hik\u00e2yesi olarak anaca\u011f\u0131 bir yolculu\u011fun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
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1887\u2019de gen\u00e7 \u00f6\u011fretmen Anne Sullivan, Keller ailesinin Alabama\u2019daki evine ula\u015ft\u0131. Hen\u00fcz 6 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan Helen\u2019e, yan\u0131nda getirdi\u011fi oyuncak bebekle birlikte ilk dersi verdi: Parmak harflerle \u201cbebek\u201d kelimesini \u00f6\u011fretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ba\u015fta Helen merakl\u0131yd\u0131 ama k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede sabr\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Harflerle nesneler aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ba\u011f kuram\u0131yor, \u00f6fkesini ba\u011f\u0131rarak ve tekmeler atarak d\u0131\u015fa vuruyordu. Sullivan pes etmedi. E\u011fitimlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in aileden bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine ayr\u0131 kal\u0131p bir kul\u00fcbeye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131lar. G\u00fcnler s\u00fcren \u00e7aban\u0131n ard\u0131ndan o unutulmaz an geldi. Sullivan, Helen\u2019in elini su pompas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na koydu ve di\u011fer eline \u201csu\u201d kelimesini heceledi. O g\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan Helen 30\u2019dan fazla kelime \u00f6\u011frendi. Anne Sullivan\u2019\u0131n sabr\u0131 ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Helen Keller\u2019\u0131n sessiz d\u00fcnyas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131y\u0131 aralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
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1890\u2019da Helen Keller, Boston\u2019daki Horace Mann Sa\u011f\u0131rlar Okulunda konu\u015fma dersleri almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in y\u0131llarca \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1894-1896 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Wright-Humason Sa\u011f\u0131rlar Okulunda okudu, ard\u0131ndan Cambridge Gen\u00e7 K\u0131zlar Okuluna ge\u00e7ti. Bu d\u00f6nemde, \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Mark Twain ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131; y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren bu dostluk, onu i\u015f insan\u0131 Henry H. Rogers\u2019la da bulu\u015fturdu. Rogers, Helen\u2019in Radcliffe Kolejindeki e\u011fitim masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. Yan\u0131nda her zamanki gibi Anne Sullivan vard\u0131. Keller, daktilo, dudak okuma, Braille ve parmak alfabesinde ustala\u015farak karanl\u0131ktan bilgiye uzanan yolunu ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131; 1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda 24 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Radcliffe Kolejinden onur derecesiyle mezun oldu.<\/p>\n
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Anne Sullivan ve e\u015fi John Macy\u2019nin deste\u011fiyle Helen Keller, ilk kitab\u0131 \u201cHayat\u0131m\u0131n Hik\u00e2yesi\u201dni yazd\u0131. 1903\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan eser, onun karanl\u0131ktan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa uzanan yolculu\u011funu anlatt\u0131. Hik\u00e2yesi k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131; konferanslar verdi, engellilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 savundu ve g\u00f6rme engelliler ad\u0131na konu\u015ftu. 1915\u2019te \u015fehir planc\u0131s\u0131 George Kessler ile \u201cHelen Keller International\u201d\u0131 kurdu; k\u00f6rl\u00fck ve yetersiz beslenmeyle m\u00fccadele etti. 1920\u2019de ise Amerikan Sivil \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Birli\u011finin (ACLU) kurulu\u015funa katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
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1921\u2019de Amerikan K\u00f6rler Federasyonu kuruldu\u011funda \u00e7abalar\u0131nda ulusal bir platform kazand\u0131. 1924\u2019te \u00fcye olarak fark\u0131ndal\u0131k geli\u015ftirme ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplama kampanyalar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, daha az \u015fansl\u0131lara yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla kurulan Kal\u0131c\u0131 K\u00f6rler Sava\u015f Yard\u0131m Fonu gibi kurulu\u015flarda da aktif oldu. 1946\u2019da Amerikan Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 K\u00f6rler Vakf\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olarak atand\u0131 ve 1946-1957 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda be\u015f k\u0131tada 35 \u00fclkeyi gezdi. 1955\u2019te 75 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 64.000 kilometrelik Asya yolculu\u011funda, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalarla milyonlarca bireye ilham ve cesaret verdi.<\/p>\n
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Helen Keller\u2019\u0131n otobiyografisi \u201cThe Story of My Life\u201d 1957\u2019de televizyon oyunu \u201cThe Miracle Worker\u201da ilham verdi. Bu hik\u00e2ye, 1959\u2019da Broadway sahnesine, ard\u0131ndan 1962\u2019de Patty Duke ve Anne Bancroft\u2019un ba\u015frollerini payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc \u201cThe Miracle Worker\u201d filmine uyarland\u0131. Keller, ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6d\u00fcl kazand\u0131: 1936\u2019da Theodore Roosevelt \u00dcst\u00fcn Hizmet Madalyas\u0131, 1964\u2019te Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Madalyas\u0131 ve 1965\u2019te Ulusal Kad\u0131nlar Onur Listesi\u2019ne kabul edildi. Ayr\u0131ca Temple ve Harvard ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcniversitelerinden fahri doktora \u00fcnvanlar\u0131 ald\u0131 ve \u0130sko\u00e7ya E\u011fitim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan fahri \u00fcye se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n
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Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ya\u015fam\u0131; kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ve hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn zorluklar\u0131 nas\u0131l a\u015fabilece\u011finin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00f6rne\u011fi oldu. Keller, engelleri azmiyle a\u015farak, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n iyili\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7abalayan sayg\u0131n ve d\u00fcnyaca tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir insan olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. 1961\u2019de ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi fel\u00e7ten sonra hayat\u0131n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 evinde ge\u00e7irdi ve 88. do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcnden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, 1 Haziran 1968\u2019de Connecticut\u2019taki evinde uykusunda vefat etti.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Amerikal\u0131 e\u011fitimci Helen Keller, k\u00f6r ve sa\u011f\u0131r olman\u0131n zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak hayat\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131na ilham vermeye adam\u0131\u015f \u00f6zel biriydi; parlak zek\u00e2s\u0131, azmi, kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131yla engelleri olan bireylerin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve \u00fcretken bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. S\u00f6zleri gibi ya\u015fam\u0131 da cesaret ve umudun birlikteli\u011fiyle ge\u00e7ti: “Unutmay\u0131n, g\u00fczel bir \u015feye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz hi\u00e7bir \u00e7aba bo\u015fa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32146,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[4315,4316],"class_list":["post-32145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-amerikali-egitimci","tag-helen-keller"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32145"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32145\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}