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Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 inan\u00e7 ve ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imleri bir arada var olurken, sufiler i\u00e7sel yolculuklar\u0131nda do\u011faya ve canl\u0131lara \u00f6zel bir sayg\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu. Baz\u0131 sufiler, et yemeyi reddederek yaln\u0131zca ruhsal ar\u0131nmay\u0131 de\u011fil, bedenlerine de hafiflik ve ahlaki bir duru\u015f katmay\u0131 tercih ediyordu. \u201cEtyemezler\u201d lakab\u0131 hem onlar\u0131n yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hem de mistik disiplinlerini ifade ediyordu. Bu sufiler i\u00e7in yemek, sadece bedenin ihtiyac\u0131 de\u011fil, ruhun da beslenme rit\u00fceliydi; bitkisel beslenme ise do\u011faya uyumun bir sembol\u00fcyd\u00fc. Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, et yemeyi reddeden sufilerin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na yak\u0131ndan bakaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
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Etyemez ad\u0131, genellikle g\u0131ybet etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nanlar i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de bir taraftan T\u00fcrklerin eski dinleri aras\u0131nda yer alan Budizm ve Manihaizm\u2019in etle ilgili inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan da Budizm ve Manihaizm\u2019i kapsayan Hint-\u0130ran mistisizminden etkilenmi\u015f, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 umursamayan Kalender\u00eeleri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Nefsin isteklerine gem vurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bu sufilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131, etin huyu k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirece\u011fine inanarak et, bal ve peynir gibi hayvansal g\u0131dalar\u0131 yemekten sak\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve bu nedenle \u201cEtyemezler\u201d olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Bu manevi ve fiziksel disiplin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, onlar\u0131n Anadolu k\u0131rsal\u0131ndaki faaliyetlerini ve zaviye kurulumlar\u0131n\u0131 da \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. Etyemezler, konarg\u00f6\u00e7er T\u00fcrkmen kitleleri aras\u0131nda hem \u0130slami d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi hem de kendi mistik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini yaymak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bozok, Ankara, Sivas, Kastamonu, K\u00fctahya ve Samsun\u2019daki k\u00f6yleri kurarken; Bozok ve Sivas\u2019ta zaviye (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tekke) in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdir. Bu zaviyeler, onlar\u0131n manevi e\u011fitim verdikleri ve halk aras\u0131nda ahlak, disiplin ile do\u011faya uyumlu ya\u015fam \u00f6\u011fretilerini yayd\u0131klar\u0131 merkezler olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011fretileri, Anadolu k\u0131rsal\u0131 ve baz\u0131 \u015fehirlerde kurduklar\u0131 zaviyeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Sivas\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 Etyemez k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn kurucusu oldu\u011fu rivayet edilen Etyemez Baba, Horasan k\u00f6kenli bir dervi\u015f olarak \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerindeki stratejik bir alana yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve fikirlerini yaymak amac\u0131yla burada bir zaviye in\u015fa etmi\u015ftir. K\u00f6y, Baba\u2019n\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkmenlerin zaviye \u00e7evresine yerle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Rivayetlere g\u00f6re, et yememesine ra\u011fmen gelip ge\u00e7enlere et ikram etti\u011fi i\u00e7in bu ismi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir rivayete g\u00f6re ise fakir bir aile, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n tek koyununu buradan ge\u00e7en bir dervi\u015fe ikram etmi\u015f; \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n a\u011flamas\u0131na dayanamayan dervi\u015f koyunu tekrar diriltmi\u015ftir ve bu kerametinden dolay\u0131 Etyemez Baba ad\u0131yla tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baba burada \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve muhtemelen zaviyesinin bulundu\u011fu yere defnedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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Bu rivayetler, Baba\u2019n\u0131n mezar\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda olu\u015fan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve rit\u00fcel pratiklerin temelini de a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Sivas\u2019taki Etyemez k\u00f6y\u00fcnde, eski T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan \u0131d\u0131k\/\u0131duk gelene\u011fi (kans\u0131z adak), Etyemez Baba\u2019n\u0131n mezar\u0131nda h\u00e2len s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bu rit\u00fceli Baba\u2019n\u0131n soyundan geldi\u011fine inan\u0131lan muskac\u0131-t\u00fcrbedar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir; mezar\u0131 temizler ve per\u015fembeyi cumaya ba\u011flayan gecelerde ate\u015f yakar. Mezardan al\u0131nan toprak muska h\u00e2line getirilip nazardan korunmak veya ev ve ah\u0131r kap\u0131lar\u0131na as\u0131lmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6t\u00fc r\u00fcya g\u00f6renler, evlenmek isteyen ama evlenemeyenler veya kaza ge\u00e7irenler de Baba\u2019dan yard\u0131m ister; ya\u011fmur duas\u0131 i\u00e7in toplu olarak mezar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak niyazda bulunurlar.<\/p>\n
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Bozok ve Ankara\u2019daki Etyemez \u015eeyhler k\u00f6ylerinin kurucular\u0131, Etyemez Baba\u2019yla ayn\u0131 tasavvufi anlay\u0131\u015fa sahip dervi\u015flerdir. B\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrkmen n\u00fcfusun yo\u011funlu\u011fu, dervi\u015flerin onlarla hareket etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bozok sanca\u011f\u0131nda Yusuf Abdal, \u00dcryan Abdal ve Sar\u0131 Abdal gibi k\u00f6y isimlerinin \u00e7oklu\u011fu, b\u00f6lgedeki dervi\u015flerin \u00e7oklu\u011funa i\u015faret eder. Rivayete g\u00f6re, k\u00f6ye gelen bir dervi\u015fe ikram i\u00e7in kuzu kesilir; yavrusunun kesilmesine dayanamayan dervi\u015f kuzuyu diriltir ancak kemiklerinden biri eksik kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kuzu topal kal\u0131r ve dervi\u015f nefsine et yemeyi yasaklar.<\/p>\n
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Bu \u00f6rnekler, Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131nda Etyemez isimli sufilerin \u00e7oklu\u011funun, ayn\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n geni\u015f bir \u00e7evrede benimsendi\u011fini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Etyemezler, nefsin isteklerini yok say\u0131p d\u00fcnyevi kolayl\u0131klardan uzak durarak, biyolojik \u00f6l\u00fcmden \u00f6nce ruhsal \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc deneyimlemeyi benimsemi\u015f ve manevi ar\u0131nmay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015flerdir. B\u00f6ylece Etyemezler, yaln\u0131zca bir isim de\u011fil, derin bir tasavvufi anlay\u0131\u015f ve disiplinin simgesi olarak Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki mistik ya\u015famda kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir yer edinmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 inan\u00e7 ve ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imleri bir arada var olurken, sufiler i\u00e7sel yolculuklar\u0131nda do\u011faya ve canl\u0131lara \u00f6zel bir sayg\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu. Baz\u0131 sufiler, et yemeyi reddederek yaln\u0131zca ruhsal ar\u0131nmay\u0131 de\u011fil, bedenlerine de hafiflik ve ahlaki bir duru\u015f katmay\u0131 tercih ediyordu. \u201cEtyemezler\u201d lakab\u0131 hem onlar\u0131n yemek al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hem de mistik disiplinlerini ifade ediyordu. Bu sufiler […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31903,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[4156,456,4157,3228,2307],"class_list":["post-31902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-etyemezler","tag-osmanli","tag-sufiler","tag-vegan","tag-vejetaryen"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31902","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31902"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31902\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31902"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}