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Bir tahta par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131n bir yerinde en yak\u0131n yol arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131z olabilece\u011fi hi\u00e7 akl\u0131n\u0131za geldi mi? El sanatlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir u\u011fra\u015f de\u011fil; ustas\u0131n\u0131n duygular\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n izlerini ve estetik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan sessiz bir anlat\u0131d\u0131r. Her bir par\u00e7a, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bug\u00fcne uzanan bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn, sabr\u0131n ve eme\u011fin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, k\u00f6kleri y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesine dayanan ve bir el sanat\u0131 olan a\u011fa\u00e7 baston yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n inceliklerine birlikte g\u00f6z ataca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Bastonun K\u0131sa Tarihi” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”31613″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Baston, genellikle y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bir sopa olarak bilinse de tarih boyunca farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde farkl\u0131 anlamlar kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bastonla s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan asa ise, sap\u0131nda tutma yeri bulunmayan ve eski \u00e7a\u011flarda yaln\u0131zca bir destek arac\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda krallar\u0131n ve din\u00ee liderlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc simgeleyen bir sembold\u00fcr. Antik Yunan vazolar\u0131nda baston kullanan fig\u00fcrlere rastlan\u0131rken, mitolojide tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ellerinde baston ya da asa s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da baston ve asa hem din\u00ee hem de siyasi otoritenin simgesi olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde baston, yaln\u0131zca y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 bir ara\u00e7 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir sosyal stat\u00fc g\u00f6stergesi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
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Baston yap\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve her biri kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve estetik yap\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar, ak\u00e7aa\u011fa\u00e7 ise hem sa\u011flam hem de i\u015flenmesi kolay bir malzemedir. Ceviz ve kiraz a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra zarif g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleriyle de baston yap\u0131m\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a tercih edilir. \u00c7am gibi i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar, daha hafif bastonlar \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in uygundur. Me\u015fe, kay\u0131n ve porsuk gibi a\u011fa\u00e7lar ise sa\u011flaml\u0131klar\u0131yla bilinir; \u00f6zellikle uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc bastonlar i\u00e7in idealdir. G\u00fcl a\u011fac\u0131 ve d\u00f6ngel gibi t\u00fcrler, kendine has desenleriyle estetik a\u00e7\u0131dan dikkat \u00e7eker. F\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131 da dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131yla baston ustalar\u0131n\u0131n tercih etti\u011fi malzemeler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Her bir a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc, bastonun hem dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de estetik de\u011ferini belirler.<\/p>\n
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Baston sap\u0131, genellikle dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla sert a\u011fa\u00e7lardan yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sap ile g\u00f6vdenin ikisi birden esnek olursa, kullan\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda sap\u0131n bastondan \u00e7\u0131kma ihtimali s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Bu nedenle, sap k\u0131sm\u0131nda sa\u011flam ve sert a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri tercih edilir. Ayr\u0131ca, baston saplar\u0131nda s\u00fcsleme yapmak ve estetik de\u011fer katmak amac\u0131yla g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f gibi yar\u0131 de\u011ferli metaller s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Baz\u0131 bastonlarda ise manda boynuzu gibi hayvansal malzemelerden yap\u0131lan par\u00e7alar yer al\u0131r; bu malzemeler hem \u015f\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm sa\u011flar hem de bastonun dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Baston yap\u0131m\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Dallar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in buhar kazan\u0131, \u015fekillendirmek i\u00e7in do\u011frultma tahtas\u0131 ve baston tezg\u00e2h\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel aletler, g\u00f6vdeyi inceltmek i\u00e7in rende ve \u015ferit testere, detayl\u0131 i\u015flemler i\u00e7in ise el tornas\u0131, minyat\u00fcr torna ve di\u015f\u00e7i frezesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bastonun y\u00fczeyi t\u00f6rp\u00fc, e\u011fe ve sistire ile d\u00fczeltilir; p\u00fcr\u00fczler ise z\u0131mpara ile giderilir. Boyama ve s\u00fcsleme i\u015flemlerinde f\u0131r\u00e7a, yak\u0131 kalemi, m\u00fcrekkep ve sedef gibi malzemelerden yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. Vernikleme i\u00e7inse \u00e7e\u015fitli vernikler, tiner ve vernik kovalar\u0131 gereklidir. Kesme, sabitleme ve oyma i\u015flemlerinde mengene, b\u0131\u00e7ak ve k\u0131l testere gibi aletler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kadar \u00e7ok ara\u00e7 ve gerecin bir arada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, baston yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ne denli detayl\u0131 ve ustal\u0131k gerektiren bir zanaat oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
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A\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131n\u0131n baston yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck emek ve ustal\u0131k gerektiren bir zanaatt\u0131r. Dallar\u0131n do\u011fal yap\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle d\u00fczensizdir ve bu nedenle baston yap\u0131m\u0131na uygun h\u00e2le getirilmeleri i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir do\u011frultma ve d\u00fczeltme s\u00fcreci uygulan\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem, dallar\u0131n 180-240 \u00b0C\u2019de buharla \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak liflerinin yumu\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan elle ya da d\u00fczeltme tahtas\u0131nda dikkatlice e\u011friliklerinin giderilmesiyle ba\u015flar. Sonras\u0131nda, dallar\u0131n u\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn bi\u00e7imde kesilir; el tornas\u0131nda kabuklar\u0131 soyularak \u015fekillendirilir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 olduk\u00e7a zahmetli ve zaman al\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Dallar\u0131n, olas\u0131 deformasyonlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve kaliteyi koruyabilmek i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 ay kadar dinlendirilmesi gerekir. T\u00fcm bu a\u015famalar, baston yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar sab\u0131r, dikkat ve el becerisi istedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
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Peki, bu \u00f6zel zanaatta s\u0131radan bir odun par\u00e7as\u0131 bir ustan\u0131n ellerinde nas\u0131l bir sanat eserine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr? Gelin, bunu Tansel Usta\u2019dan dinleyelim. Onun i\u00e7in baston yap\u0131m\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir zanaat de\u011fil; ruhunu katt\u0131\u011f\u0131, sab\u0131rla yo\u011frulmu\u015f ve y\u0131llara yay\u0131lan bir tutku. 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Zonguldak Devrek\u2019te do\u011fan Tansel I\u015f\u0131k, bastonculuk sanat\u0131n\u0131 babas\u0131 Fehmi I\u015f\u0131k\u2019tan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f. Bug\u00fcn kendi at\u00f6lyesinde hem baston \u00fcretiyor hem de yeni ustalar yeti\u015ftiriyor. Zanaat\u0131na duydu\u011fu sayg\u0131 ve sorumlulu\u011fu ise \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fcyle \u00f6zetliyor: \u201cKendinizin sat\u0131n almayaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yapmayacaks\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ya\u015fayan \u0130nsan Hazineleri\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131na lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Tansel Usta\u2019n\u0131n baston yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n inceliklerini ve bu i\u015fe katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eme\u011fi anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hik\u00e2yesini videodan izleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Bir tahta par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131n bir yerinde en yak\u0131n yol arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131z olabilece\u011fi hi\u00e7 akl\u0131n\u0131za geldi mi? El sanatlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir u\u011fra\u015f de\u011fil; ustas\u0131n\u0131n duygular\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n izlerini ve estetik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan sessiz bir anlat\u0131d\u0131r. Her bir par\u00e7a, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bug\u00fcne uzanan bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn, sabr\u0131n ve eme\u011fin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, k\u00f6kleri y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesine dayanan ve bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31612,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[253,3973,3974,3975,3976],"class_list":["post-31611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-agac","tag-baston","tag-baston-ustasi","tag-tahta","tag-usta"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31611"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31611\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}