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Su \u00fczerine desen ve renklerle resim yapma sanat\u0131 olarak bilinen ebru, as\u0131rlard\u0131r g\u00f6renleri b\u00fcy\u00fcleyen bir estetik mirast\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda korunan en eski \u00f6rneklerinden biri, bu sanat\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015fine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmektedir. Ebru sanat\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak ne zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin olarak bilinmese de tarih boyunca farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalardan ge\u00e7erek Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde kitap ciltlerinin i\u00e7 kapaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen, hat sanat\u0131n\u0131n zarif sat\u0131rlar\u0131na fon olan ebru; yaln\u0131zca bir s\u00fcsleme tekni\u011fi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda sabr\u0131n, \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve suyun \u00fczerinde \u015fekillenen hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en de\u011ferli par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biri olan ebru sanat\u0131n\u0131n tarih\u00e7esini sizlerle payla\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
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Ebru, do\u011fan\u0131n sadeli\u011fiyle esteti\u011fin bulu\u015ftu\u011fu, suyun \u00fczerinde hayat bulan b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici bir sanatt\u0131r. Kitre ad\u0131 verilen (suyu yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmaya yarayan bitkisel \u00f6z) maddeyle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeye, g\u00fcl dal\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f f\u0131r\u00e7alarla do\u011fal boyalar serpilir. Sonras\u0131nda sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fine g\u00f6re biz (ah\u015fap sap \u00fczerine sabitlenmi\u015f ince metal \u00e7ubuk) ya da tarak gibi ara\u00e7larla desenlere y\u00f6n verilir. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan her eser tektir; t\u0131pk\u0131 parmak izi gibi, ayn\u0131 desen bir daha asla yinelenemez. Bu nedenle ebru, yaln\u0131zca bir s\u00fcsleme tekni\u011fi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda an\u0131n ruhunu ve \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131tan e\u015fsiz bir sanatt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Ebru sanat\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keni, Orta Asya\u2019ya, \u00f6zellikle de T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Buhara B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ne kadar uzan\u0131r. T\u00fcrkler, bu e\u015fsiz sanat\u0131 \u0130pek Yolu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Anadolu\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f; \u0130ran \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7erek Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131nda k\u00f6k salmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131\u2019da tarih\u00ee el yazmas\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n i\u00e7 kapaklar\u0131nda yan k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan ebrular, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman kitab\u0131n yaz\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra cilde eklenmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple, bir ebrunun kesin yap\u0131m tarihini belirlemek her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayabilir. Ancak \u00fczerine tarih d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir yaz\u0131 eklenmi\u015fse yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait net bir bilgiye ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.<\/p>\n
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T\u00fcrk ebrusuna dair bilinen en eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklardan biri, Tert\u00eeb-i Ris\u00e2le-i Ebri\u2019dir. Bu eserde ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u015eevket Mehmed Efendi, kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015f ilk ebru ustas\u0131 olarak kabul edilir. Onu \u00f6zel k\u0131lan ise yaln\u0131zca ad\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda ebru yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak belgeleyen ilk ki\u015fi olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eevket Mehmed Efendi\u2019ye atfedilen en eski uygulamalardan biri ise 1595 tarihli, Fuz\u00fbl\u00ee\u2019nin Had\u00eekat\u00fc\u2019s-S\u00fced\u00e2 (Mutluluklar Bah\u00e7esi) adl\u0131 yazma eserinde yer alan \u00fc\u00e7 hafif ebru \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
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Ebru sanat\u0131n\u0131n ustal\u0131k zinciri, Ayasofya Camii hatibi Hatip Mehmed Efendi ile ba\u015flar. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kitre k\u0131vam\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak canl\u0131 renkleri ve desen h\u00e2kimiyetini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan bu yenilik\u00e7i hatip, \u201chatip ebrusu\u201dnun mucididir. Onun a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu renkli yolda, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, \u00d6zbekler Tekkesinin ebru ustas\u0131 Edhem Efendi y\u00fcr\u00fcr. Hem teknikleri geli\u015ftirir hem de \u00e7i\u00e7ekli ebruyu zirveye ta\u015f\u0131yan Necmeddin Okyay gibi efsane \u00f6\u011frenciler yeti\u015ftirir. Lale, s\u00fcmb\u00fcl, menek\u015fe gibi motiflerle ebru sanat\u0131n\u0131 resme yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken; yaz\u0131 ile ebruyu ustal\u0131kla bulu\u015fturan \u00f6zg\u00fcn teknikleriyle de ad\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece, ku\u015faklar boyunca aktar\u0131lan ustal\u0131k, ebruyu bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
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Ebru sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131raklar\u0131, bu sanat\u0131 yaln\u0131zca estetik bir ifade bi\u00e7imi de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda geleneklerinin, kimliklerinin ve ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ebruya dair bilgi ve beceriler, usta-\u00e7\u0131rak ili\u015fkisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde s\u00f6zl\u00fc aktar\u0131m ve pratik e\u011fitimle ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Temel becerilerin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ise sab\u0131r ve \u00f6zen gerektiren, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman en az iki y\u0131l s\u00fcren uzun bir s\u00fcrecin sonunda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc miras, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Somut Olmayan K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131 Temsili Listesi\u201dne al\u0131narak uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde tescillenmi\u015f ve ebrunun evrensel \u00f6nemi bir kez daha vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ebru sanat\u0131; kuma\u015f, ah\u015fap, deri, cam, ipek ve fayans gibi pek \u00e7ok y\u00fczeye uygulanabilmektedir. Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar yaln\u0131zca geleneksel desenlerle yetinmeyip; ku\u015f, horoz, kelebek ve bal\u0131k gibi hayvan fig\u00fcrlerinden insan sil\u00fcetlerine, hatta manzara betimlemelerine kadar uzanan motifli ebrular da \u00fcretmektedir. S\u0131radan bir y\u00fczeyi bile sanata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren bu e\u015fsiz gelene\u011fin incelikleri videoda!<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Su \u00fczerine desen ve renklerle resim yapma sanat\u0131 olarak bilinen ebru, as\u0131rlard\u0131r g\u00f6renleri b\u00fcy\u00fcleyen bir estetik mirast\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda korunan en eski \u00f6rneklerinden biri, bu sanat\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015fine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmektedir. Ebru sanat\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak ne zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin olarak bilinmese de tarih boyunca farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalardan ge\u00e7erek Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31439,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[488,3873,3394,3508,92],"class_list":["post-31438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-desen","tag-ebru","tag-ebru-sanati","tag-renk","tag-sanat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31438"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31438\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}