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Tiyatro, tarihin en k\u00f6kl\u00fc sanat dallar\u0131ndan biri olarak her k\u00fclt\u00fcrde farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Her toplumun kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc geleneksel tiyatrosu, o \u00fclkenin d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 ve estetik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r. Sadece e\u011flendirmekle kalmaz; toplumsal haf\u0131zay\u0131 canl\u0131 tutar, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferleri aktar\u0131r ve tarihsel olaylar\u0131 sahneye ta\u015f\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6\u011feleri koruma ve ya\u015fatma amac\u0131 g\u00fcden UNESCO da k\u00f6kl\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan, geleneksel sahne sanatlar\u0131n\u0131 Somut Olmayan K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras Listesi\u2019ne alarak gelecek nesillere aktarmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Bu liste, sadece geleneksel sanatlar\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda geleneklerin, kutlamalar\u0131n, bilgi ve becerilerin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 da hedeflemektedir. UNESCO Somut Olmayan K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras Listesi\u2019nde yer alan ve toplumsal ya\u015fama ayna tutan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k geleneksel tiyatro t\u00fcrlerini yaz\u0131m\u0131zda listeledik.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Meddahl\u0131k, T\u00fcrkiye” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”30883″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Meddahl\u0131k, bir ki\u015finin taklit ve canland\u0131rmalarla, do\u011fa\u00e7lama olarak hik\u00e2ye anlatarak dinleyiciyi hem e\u011flendirdi\u011fi hem de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc geleneksel bir sanatt\u0131r. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO\u2019nun \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Somut Olmayan K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131 Temsili Listesi\u2019ne al\u0131nan bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc gelene\u011fin ustalar\u0131, hik\u00e2yelerini taklitler, ses de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve basit aksesuarlarla zenginle\u015ftirir. Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde \u00f6zellikle kahvehanelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6ren meddahlar\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hik\u00e2yeler, genellikle toplumsal olaylara, tarih\u00ee fig\u00fcrlere ve mizahi unsurlara dayan\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar pop\u00fclerli\u011fini koruyan bu sanat, modern tiyatronun yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla eski etkisini yitirse de geleneksel bir anlat\u0131m bi\u00e7imi olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015fat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Noh ve Kabuki, Japonya” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”30884″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Noh tiyatrosu, geleneksel Japon tiyatrosunun en eski t\u00fcrlerinden biridir. 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda geli\u015fen bu sanat, maskeler, geleneksel kost\u00fcmler ve \u015fiirsel anlat\u0131mla mistik ve tarih\u00ee temalar\u0131 i\u015fler. M\u00fczik ve dans\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir yer tuttu\u011fu Noh tiyatrosunda karakterler, genellikle ah\u015fap maskelerle sahneye \u00e7\u0131karak do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc varl\u0131klar\u0131 veya kahramanlar\u0131 canland\u0131r\u0131r. Oyuncular\u0131n hareketleri a\u011f\u0131r ve minimaldir; sahne tasar\u0131m\u0131 ise sade ve simgeseldir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Japonya\u2019da belirli tiyatrolarda ve festivallerde sahnelenmeye devam eden Noh tiyatrosu, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO\u2019nun \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Somut Olmayan K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131 Temsili Listesi\u2019ne al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kabuki tiyatrosu, hareketli ve g\u00f6rkemli sahnelemeleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fc geleneksel bir di\u011fer Japon tiyatro t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu sanat, abart\u0131l\u0131 kost\u00fcmler, yo\u011fun makyaj ve dinamik sahne kullan\u0131m\u0131yla izleyiciyi b\u00fcy\u00fcleyen etkileyici bir performans sunar. Noh tiyatrosunun aksine, Kabuki oyuncular\u0131 maske yerine y\u00fczlerini beyaz, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve siyah gibi belirgin renklere boyayarak sahneye \u00e7\u0131kar. Dramatik jestler, h\u0131zl\u0131 sahne de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve akrobatik unsurlar, Kabuki\u2019nin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6zelliklerindendir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta hem kad\u0131n hem erkek oyuncular\u0131n sahne ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tiyatro, zamanla yaln\u0131zca erkek oyuncular\u0131n rol \u00fcstlendi\u011fi bir forma evrilmi\u015ftir. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO\u2019nun \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Somut Olmayan K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131 Temsili Listesi\u2019ne al\u0131nan Kabuki, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Japonya\u2019daki \u00f6zel tiyatrolarda geleneksel bir sanat olarak ya\u015fat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Kathakali, Hindistan” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”30886″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Kathakali, Hindistan\u2019\u0131n en etkileyici geleneksel sahne sanatlar\u0131ndan biridir. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kerala b\u00f6lgesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu sanat, abart\u0131l\u0131 y\u00fcz makyajlar\u0131, g\u00f6rkemli kost\u00fcmleri ve ritmik danslar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eker. Klasik Hint mitolojisinden sahneleri canland\u0131ran Kathakali oyuncular\u0131, el hareketleri (mudralar), y\u00fcz ifadeleri ve beden diliyle izleyiciye hik\u00e2yeler aktar\u0131r. Bu performanslar, genellikle Hindu destanlar\u0131 Ramayana ve Mahabharata\u2019dan sahneler i\u00e7erir. Kathakali\u2019de diyalog kullan\u0131lmaz; anlat\u0131m tamamen dans, jest ve m\u00fczikle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Oyuncular\u0131n y\u00fczleri, oynad\u0131klar\u0131 karaktere g\u00f6re belirgin renklerle boyan\u0131r. Ye\u015fil y\u00fczl\u00fc karakterler kahramanlar\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 veya siyah y\u00fczl\u00fc olanlar ise k\u00f6t\u00fc karakterleri temsil eder. M\u00fczik, ritmik davullar (chenda ve maddalam) ve vokal anlat\u0131mla desteklenir. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO\u2019nun \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Somut Olmayan K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131 Temsili Listesi\u2019ne al\u0131nan Kathakali, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Hindistan\u2019daki tiyatrolarda ve festivallerde sahnelenmeye devam etmekte, turistlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgisini \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Pekin Operas\u0131, \u00c7in” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”30887″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
\u00c7in\u2019in en \u00fcnl\u00fc geleneksel tiyatro t\u00fcrlerinden biri olan Pekin Operas\u0131; \u015fark\u0131, dans, d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sanatlar\u0131 ve oyunculu\u011fun bir araya geldi\u011fi \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir performans sanat\u0131d\u0131r. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda geli\u015fen bu sanat; m\u00fczik, y\u00fcz boyama ve dramatik performanslar\u0131 birle\u015ftiren \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir sahne g\u00f6sterisidir. Pekin Operas\u0131\u2019nda karakterler d\u00f6rt ana gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r: Sheng (erkek karakterler), Dan (kad\u0131n karakterler), Jing (g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc veya k\u00f6t\u00fc fig\u00fcrler) ve Chou (komik karakterler). Oyuncular\u0131n y\u00fczleri, rollerine uygun olarak farkl\u0131 renklerle boyan\u0131r; k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 sadakati, siyah d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, beyaz ise kurnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 simgeler. Sahnedeki diyaloglar, \u015fiirsel ve ritmik bir \u00fcslupla sunulur. Geleneksel \u00c7in enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131ndan jinghu (iki telli keman) ve bianzhong (bronz \u00e7anlar) e\u015fli\u011finde icra edilen m\u00fczik, bu sanat\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO\u2019nun \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Somut Olmayan K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131 Temsili Listesi\u2019ne al\u0131nan Pekin Operas\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00c7in\u2019de \u00f6nemli bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras olarak sahnelenmeye devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Wayang Kulit, Endonezya ” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”30888″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Wayang Kulit, Endonezya’n\u0131n geleneksel g\u00f6lge kuklas\u0131 tiyatrosudur. “Wayang” kelimesi Endonezya’da “kukla” veya “g\u00f6lge”, “kulit” ise “deri” anlam\u0131na gelir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla “Wayang Kulit”, deriden yap\u0131lan kuklalarla oynanan g\u00f6lge tiyatrosu demektir. Ustaca tasarlan\u0131p kesilen bu kuklalar, bir perde \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tutulur ve g\u00f6lgeleri izleyiciye yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Hik\u00e2yeler genellikle mitolojik karakterlere ve Ramayana ile Mahabharata gibi destanlara dayan\u0131r. Bu geleneksel sanat, gamelan ad\u0131 verilen Endonezya orkestras\u0131n\u0131n ritmik ezgileri e\u015fli\u011finde sahnelenir. G\u00f6steriyi y\u00f6neten ki\u015fiye dalang denir; dalang yaln\u0131zca kuklalar\u0131 hareket ettirmekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda hik\u00e2yeyi anlat\u0131r ve her karakteri farkl\u0131 ses tonlar\u0131yla seslendirir. Anlat\u0131m, m\u00fczik ve diyaloglarla izleyiciye aktar\u0131l\u0131r. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO\u2019nun \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Somut Olmayan K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Miras\u0131 Temsili Listesi\u2019ne al\u0131nan Wayang Kulit, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015fat\u0131lmakta ve \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkinliklerde sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Tiyatro, tarihin en k\u00f6kl\u00fc sanat dallar\u0131ndan biri olarak her k\u00fclt\u00fcrde farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Her toplumun kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc geleneksel tiyatrosu, o \u00fclkenin d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 ve estetik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r. Sadece e\u011flendirmekle kalmaz; toplumsal haf\u0131zay\u0131 canl\u0131 tutar, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferleri aktar\u0131r ve tarihsel olaylar\u0131 sahneye ta\u015f\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6\u011feleri koruma ve ya\u015fatma amac\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30882,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[3429,3430,2943,141],"class_list":["post-30881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-geleneksel-tiyatro","tag-kathakali","tag-meddahlik","tag-tiyatro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30881"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30881\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}