{"id":30530,"date":"2025-03-14T10:05:27","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T07:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kulturveyasam.com\/?p=30530"},"modified":"2025-03-14T10:05:27","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T07:05:27","slug":"tip-biliminin-mihenk-taslari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/?p=30530","title":{"rendered":"TIP B\u0130L\u0130M\u0130N\u0130N M\u0130HENK TA\u015eLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u0131p tarihi, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bulu\u015flarla \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. Bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131, bilimsel bilgiye katk\u0131da bulunarak hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadeleyi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ilerletmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6nc\u00fc isimler, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri ke\u015fifler, geli\u015ftirdikleri tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri ve sa\u011fl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yenilik\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ile modern t\u0131bb\u0131n temellerini atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130mhotep&#8217;ten Eb\u00fb Bekir er-R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019ye, Florence Nightingale&#8217;den Alexander Fleming&#8217;e kadar pek \u00e7ok t\u0131p bilgini, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131larla yaln\u0131zca kendi d\u00f6nemlerini de\u011fil, gelece\u011fi de \u015fekillendiren isimler olmu\u015ftur. Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda t\u0131p biliminde \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an isimleri ve onlar\u0131n t\u0131p bilimine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 listeledik.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;\u0130mhotep&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;30532&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antik M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;da t\u0131bb\u0131n temellerini atan \u0130mhotep, tarihte bilinen ilk hekimlerden biri olarak kabul edilir. Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fc ya da do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc nedenlerle de\u011fil, do\u011fal sebeplerle a\u00e7\u0131klayan ilk hekimlerden biri olan \u0130mhotep, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Hipokrat\u2019tan yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce benimsemi\u015ftir. Ona atfedilen ve M\u00d6. 1600&#8217;lere tarihlenen Edwin Smith Papir\u00fcs\u00fc, M\u0131s\u0131r t\u0131bb\u0131na dair en eski belgelerden biridir. Bu metin, beyin cerrahisi d\u00e2hil 48 farkl\u0131 travma vakas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren sistematik bir t\u0131bbi kay\u0131tt\u0131r. Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar \u0130mhotep\u2019i &#8220;iyile\u015ftirici&#8221; olarak anm\u0131\u015f ve Yunanl\u0131lar onu Yunan mitolojisindeki sa\u011fl\u0131k ve t\u0131p tanr\u0131s\u0131 Asklepios ile e\u015fle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;Hipokrat&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;30533&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hipokrat (M\u00d6. 460-370), Antik Yunan\u2019da t\u0131bb\u0131n kurucusu olarak kabul edilen ve modern t\u0131bb\u0131n temel ilkelerini belirleyen en \u00f6nemli isimlerden biridir. T\u0131bb\u0131 belirli bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye oturtarak sistematik bir bilim dal\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zlem, deneyim ve mant\u0131k \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirerek hekimleri, hastalara bireysel ve b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergilemeye te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir. Bilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve etik kurallar\u0131, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. Hipokrat hastal\u0131klar\u0131 akut, kronik, salg\u0131n ve endemik olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u0131p eti\u011finin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri olan \u201cHipokrat Yemini\u201d, hekimlerin ahlaki ve etik sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen ilk belgelerden biridir ve onun sistemiyle \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;\u0130bn-i S\u00een\u00e2&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;30534&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u201cAvicenna\u201d olarak bilinen \u0130bn-i S\u00een\u00e2, Orta \u00c7a\u011f \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bilim insanlar\u0131ndan biridir. En \u00f6nemli t\u0131p eseri olan \u201cel-K\u00e2n\u00fbn fi&#8217;t-T\u0131bb\u201d (T\u0131bb\u0131n Kanunu), 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar Avrupa ve \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda temel t\u0131p kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak okutulmu\u015ftur. Be\u015f ciltten olu\u015fan bu eser; hastal\u0131klar\u0131n te\u015fhisi, tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri, eczac\u0131l\u0131k, anatomi ve cerrahi gibi konularda kapsaml\u0131 bilgiler i\u00e7erir. \u0130bn-i S\u00een\u00e2 t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz, c\u00fczzam ve baz\u0131 ate\u015fli hastal\u0131klar\u0131n bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirleyen ilk hekimlerden biridir. Hastal\u0131klar\u0131n su ve hava yoluyla yay\u0131labilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve karantina uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermi\u015ftir. Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 klinik g\u00f6zlem ve deneyler yoluyla inceleyerek modern t\u0131bb\u0131n temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ruh ve beden sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi inceleyen ilk hekimlerden biri olarak depresyon, anksiyete ve di\u011fer psikolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkileyebilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00f6z hastal\u0131klar\u0131, sindirim sistemi hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve kad\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerine kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015f; hekimlerin hastalar\u0131na \u015fefkatle yakla\u015fmas\u0131, t\u0131bbi bilgilerini s\u00fcrekli geli\u015ftirmesi ve do\u011fru te\u015fhis koymak i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 g\u00f6zlem yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;Eb\u00fb Bekir er-R\u00e2z\u00ee&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;30535&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u201cRhazes\u201d olarak bilinen \u0130ranl\u0131 hekim Eb\u00fb Bekir er-R\u00e2z\u00ee, deneysel t\u0131p, eczac\u0131l\u0131k, \u00e7ocuk hastal\u0131klar\u0131, oftalmoloji (g\u00f6z hastal\u0131klar\u0131), psikiyatri ve cerrahi gibi alanlarda t\u0131p bilimine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6zlem ve deneyleri t\u0131bbi uygulamalara entegre eden ilk hekimlerden biri olan R\u00e2z\u00ee, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve k\u0131zam\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan ilk bilim insan\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cel-C\u00fcder\u00ee ve\u2019l-\u1e25asbe\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131, uzun y\u0131llar Avrupa\u2019da temel bir t\u0131bbi kaynak olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hastanenin ba\u015fhekimi olarak, hastanelerin modern anlamda y\u00f6netilmesi i\u00e7in sistemler geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Hastalar\u0131n kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve tedavi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin sistematik h\u00e2le getirilmesi gibi uygulamalar onun sayesinde yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hipokrat ve \u0130bn-i S\u00een\u00e2 gibi, R\u00e2z\u00ee de t\u0131p eti\u011fine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. Hastalar\u0131n ya\u015fam kalitesini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in hekimlerin sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserler yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019n-Nef\u00ees &#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;30536&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u0131p tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olan Arap bilim insan\u0131 \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019n-Nef\u00ees, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffeden hekimdir. Bu ke\u015fif, daha \u00f6nce kabul edilen Bergamal\u0131 hekim Galen\u2019in yanl\u0131\u015f dola\u015f\u0131m teorisini \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f ve modern fizyolojinin temelini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kalbin sa\u011f ve sol ventrik\u00fcllerinin (kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n) i\u015flevlerini detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayan \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019n-Nef\u00ees, ayr\u0131ca koroner arterlerin (kalbin kendi damarlar\u0131n\u0131n) kalbi besledi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130bn-i S\u00een\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201cel-K\u00e2n\u00fbn fi&#8217;t-T\u0131bb\u201d eserini ele alarak baz\u0131 hatalar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmi\u015f ve yeni ke\u015fifler eklemi\u015ftir. \u201c\u015eerh el-K\u00e2n\u00fbn\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda anatomik ve fizyolojik g\u00f6zlemlerini detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6z hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve sinir sistemi \u00fczerine de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019n-Nef\u00ees, Avrupa\u2019da 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda William Harvey\u2019in dola\u015f\u0131m sistemini tam olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 y\u0131l \u00f6nce akci\u011fer dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir. Onun t\u0131bbi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, modern fizyoloji ve anatominin geli\u015fmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;Andreas Vesalius&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;30537&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andreas Vesalius, modern anatominin kurucusu olarak kabul edilen ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bilim insanlar\u0131ndan biridir. \u0130nsan anatomisini bilimsel g\u00f6zlem ve deneylerle a\u00e7\u0131klayan ilk ki\u015filerden biri olmu\u015ftur. 1543 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cDe Humani Corporis Fabrica\u201d (\u0130nsan V\u00fccudunun Yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00dczerine) adl\u0131 eseri, modern anatominin temellerini atan en \u00f6nemli kitaplardan biri kabul edilir. Detayl\u0131 insan v\u00fccudu \u00e7izimleriyle bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vesalius\u2019tan \u00f6nce, t\u0131p e\u011fitiminde insan yerine maymun ve domuz gibi hayvanlar\u0131n kadavralar\u0131 incelendi\u011fi i\u00e7in yanl\u0131\u015f anatomik bilgiler yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kemik ve kas sisteminin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayan Vesalius, derslerde bizzat kadavra incelemeleri yaparak t\u0131p e\u011fitimini reforme etmi\u015f ve uygulamal\u0131 anatomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;Edward Jenner&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;30538&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Edward Jenner, modern a\u015f\u0131lama y\u00f6ntemlerinin temelini atan ve t\u0131p tarihinde \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an \u0130ngiliz bir cerraht\u0131r. Frans\u0131z mikrobiyolog Louis Pasteur\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmesinden yakla\u015f\u0131k bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce, a\u015f\u0131lama biliminin temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1796 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131, t\u0131p tarihindeki ilk etkili a\u015f\u0131lardan biri olarak kabul edilmi\u015f ve imm\u00fcnolojinin (a\u015f\u0131lama biliminin) temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015ftur. Onun ke\u015ffi sayesinde milyonlarca insan \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurtulmu\u015f ve a\u015f\u0131lama biliminin ilerlemesi, bir\u00e7ok bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadelede ne kadar kritik oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, Jenner\u2019\u0131n t\u0131p tarihindeki \u00f6nemi daha da iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;Florence Nightingale &#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;30539&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Florence Nightingale, hem\u015firelik mesle\u011fini bilimsel bir temele oturtan, hijyen ve enfeksiyon kontrol\u00fc alan\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an ve hem\u015firelik e\u011fitiminde etik de\u011ferlerin \u00f6nemini vurgulayan bir \u00f6nc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Modern sa\u011fl\u0131k sisteminin temellerini atm\u0131\u015f, hastanelerin yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve hijyen ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nightingale, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n t\u0131p ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinde daha fazla yer almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, hem\u015firelik mesle\u011fini kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in bir kariyer yoluna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki rollerini geni\u015fleterek, onlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca yard\u0131mc\u0131 personel de\u011fil, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z birer sa\u011fl\u0131k profesyoneli olarak kabul edilmelerini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun t\u0131p ve sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki miras\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131z hem\u015fireyi, sa\u011fl\u0131k profesyonelini ve sa\u011fl\u0131k politikalar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemeye devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;Alexander Fleming &#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;30540&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130sko\u00e7 bakteriyolog Alexander Fleming, t\u0131bba en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, ilk antibiyotik olan penisilini ke\u015ffederek yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda, laboratuvar\u0131nda tesad\u00fcfen &#8220;Penicillium notatum&#8221; k\u00fcf mantar\u0131n\u0131n bakteriyel b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi engelledi\u011fini fark eden Fleming, bu ke\u015ffiyle bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar\u0131n tedavisinde \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, iki meslekta\u015f\u0131 ile penisilinin \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini geli\u015ftirip verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece antibiyotik tedavisinin d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fleming 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Avustralyal\u0131 eczac\u0131 ve patolog Howard Florey ve Alman as\u0131ll\u0131 \u0130ngiliz biyokimyac\u0131 Ernst Boris Chain ile birlikte, penisilin \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla Nobel T\u0131p \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] T\u0131p tarihi, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bulu\u015flarla \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. Bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131, bilimsel bilgiye katk\u0131da bulunarak hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadeleyi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ilerletmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6nc\u00fc isimler, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri ke\u015fifler, geli\u015ftirdikleri tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri ve sa\u011fl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yenilik\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ile modern t\u0131bb\u0131n temellerini atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130mhotep&#8217;ten Eb\u00fb Bekir er-R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019ye, Florence Nightingale&#8217;den Alexander Fleming&#8217;e kadar pek \u00e7ok t\u0131p bilgini, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30531,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[465,2025,2283,3024],"class_list":["post-30530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam","tag-bilim-insani","tag-hekim","tag-modern-tip","tag-tip-tarihi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30530","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30530"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30530\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}