{"id":30460,"date":"2025-02-27T11:45:14","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T08:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kulturveyasam.com\/?p=30460"},"modified":"2025-02-27T11:45:14","modified_gmt":"2025-02-27T08:45:14","slug":"gokyuzunu-fetheden-hukumdar-ulug-bey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/?p=30460","title":{"rendered":"G\u00d6KY\u00dcZ\u00dcN\u00dc FETHEDEN H\u00dcK\u00dcMDAR ULU\u011e BEY"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol k\u00f6kenli bir hanedanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan Ulu\u011f Bey, sadece h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla da tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bilim ve astronomi alan\u0131nda derin izler b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bir bilgin olarak Ay\u2019daki bir kratere ismi verilmi\u015ftir. Semerkant\u2019ta in\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi rasathane ve haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Z\u00eec-i Ulu\u011f Bey” adl\u0131 eseri ile g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc haritalar\u0131na ve bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden Ulu\u011f Bey\u2019in hayat\u0131n\u0131 ve bilime katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131zda derledik.
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1394 y\u0131l\u0131nda Azerbaycan’\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Sultaniye kentinde d\u00fcnyaya gelen Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc sultan\u0131, T\u00fcrk matematik\u00e7i ve astronomi bilgini Ulu\u011f Bey\u2019in babas\u0131 \u0130mparator Timur\u2019un k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu \u015e\u00e2hruh, annesi Gevher \u015ead\u2019d\u0131r. Tam ad\u0131 Mirza Muhammed Taragay bin \u015e\u00e2hruh olan b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam bilgini, matematik\u00e7i, astronom ve Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00f6nemli bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131yd\u0131. Timur’un en sevdi\u011fi torunu olan Ulu\u011f Bey, \u00e7ocukluk y\u0131llar\u0131nda iyi bir e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f; matematik, astronomi, tarih ve edebiyat gibi alanlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck bilgi birikimi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta dedesi Timur\u2019un seferlerine kat\u0131larak imparatorluk y\u00f6netimine dair tecr\u00fcbe kazanm\u0131\u015f, devlet idaresindeki sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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Ulu\u011f Bey, d\u00f6nemin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve entelekt\u00fcel merkezi olan Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fkentlerinden Semerkant\u2019ta yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flardan itibaren matematik, astronomi, bilim ve felsefe e\u011fitimi alarak geni\u015f bir entelekt\u00fcel birikim kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Babas\u0131 \u015e\u00e2hruh taraf\u0131ndan 1409 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mavera\u00fcnnehir valisi olarak g\u00f6revlendirilmesi, onun bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 daha da derinle\u015ftirmesine ve Semerkant\u2019\u0131 bir ilim merkezi h\u00e2line getirmesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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O d\u00f6nemde Kazakistan, \u00d6zbekistan ve T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019\u0131 kapsayan Mavera\u00fcnnehir, \u0130slam uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinden biriydi. \u00d6zellikle Semerkant ve Buhara, d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve bilim merkezleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimi h\u0131zlanan Mavera\u00fcnnehir \u015fehirleri, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Timur h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 \u015e\u00e2hruh ve Ulu\u011f Bey\u2019in izledi\u011fi politikalarla alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131. Ba\u015fta Semerkant olmak \u00fczere bu b\u00f6lgede in\u015fa edilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da cami, medrese, han, hamam ve saraylar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Ulu\u011f Bey Medresesi \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir.<\/p>\n

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Din\u00ee ilimlerle birlikte di\u011fer ilimlerin de okutuldu\u011fu medresede, d\u00f6nemin bilim insanlar\u0131 hem ders vermi\u015f hem de aritmetik, cebir, geometri ve astronomi alan\u0131nda eser ve bulu\u015flar \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ulu\u011f Bey, d\u00f6nemin \u00fcnl\u00fc astronomlar\u0131 Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u, Kad\u0131z\u00e2de-i R\u00fbm\u00ee, G\u0131y\u00e2s\u00fcdd\u00een Cem\u015fid el-K\u00e2\u015fi gibi \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00e2limlerini, sanat ve edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kurdu\u011fu medreseye davet ederek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmeleri i\u00e7in gerekli olan t\u00fcm imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, Semerkant\u2019\u0131 bilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn merkezi h\u00e2line getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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Ulu\u011f Bey’in en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri 1421 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi rasathanedir. Bu rasathane, sadece \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, d\u00f6nemin en geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00f6zlemevlerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. Bursal\u0131 astronom Kad\u0131z\u00e2de-i R\u00fbm\u00ee\u2019nin y\u00f6netiminde faaliyet g\u00f6steren rasathane, teleskop icat edilene kadar t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada astronomiye y\u00f6n veren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir bilim merkezi h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Burada G\u00fcne\u015f, Ay, \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen be\u015f gezegen ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlara dair kapsaml\u0131 g\u00f6zlemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f; bu g\u00f6k cisimlerinin konumlar\u0131 ve hareketleri titizlikle tablolar h\u00e2linde kaydedilmi\u015ftir. O d\u00f6neme kadar haz\u0131rlanan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc kataloglar\u0131 yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, G\u00fcne\u015f ve Ay tutulmalar\u0131na dair \u00f6nemli veriler elde edilmi\u015f, takvimler haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve \u015fehirlerle b\u00f6lgelere ait co\u011frafi koordinatlar hassas bir \u015fekilde hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”6#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”30467″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen astronomu, matematik\u00e7isi ve filozofu olan, Kopernik ve Kepler gibi bat\u0131l\u0131 astronomlar\u0131 etkilemi\u015f, Nas\u00eer\u00fcdd\u00een-i T\u00fbs\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan ve d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli astronomi eserlerinden olan \u201cZ\u00eec-i \u0130l\u1e2b\u00e2n\u00ee\u201d kitab\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm hatalar\u0131n\u0131 ve eksiklikleri d\u00fczeltecek kadar bir yetkinli\u011fe ula\u015fan Ulu\u011f Bey, Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i yedi k\u0131raat \u00fczere okuyacak kadar k\u0131raat ilmine de h\u00e2kimdir.<\/p>\n

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40 y\u0131l s\u00fcren ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 devlet y\u00f6neticili\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir matematik\u00e7i ve astronom olarak kabul edilen Ulu\u011f Bey, 1437-1440 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tamamlanan ve rasathanesindeki g\u00f6zlemlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u201cZ\u00eec-i Ulu\u011f Bey\u201d adl\u0131 eseriyle bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir miras b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fars\u00e7a kaleme al\u0131nan bu eser, daha sonra Arap\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Avrupa dillerine \u00e7evrilmi\u015f ve y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca temel bir astronomi kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7indeki baz\u0131 bilgiler zamanla ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitirse de pek \u00e7ok g\u00f6k bilimsel veri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 ders kitaplar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Babas\u0131 \u015e\u00e2hruh\u2019un vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en Ulu\u011f Bey, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyunca adalet ve refah\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bilimsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmelere de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Semerkant\u2019ta kurdu\u011fu rasathane ve haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Z\u00eec-i Ulu\u011f Bey adl\u0131 astronomi cetveli, g\u00f6k bilimine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en de\u011ferli katk\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Ulu\u011f Bey\u2019in astronomiye olan katk\u0131lar\u0131, modern bilim \u00e7evreleri taraf\u0131ndan da unutulmam\u0131\u015f ve 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alman astronom Johann Heinrich von M\u00e4dler taraf\u0131ndan Ay\u2019\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan bir kratere Ulu\u011f Bey\u2019in ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Bu onurland\u0131rma, Ulu\u011f Bey\u2019in yaln\u0131zca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na y\u00f6n veren bir bilgin olarak da tarih sahnesindeki e\u015fsiz yerini ebed\u00eele\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol k\u00f6kenli bir hanedanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan Ulu\u011f Bey, sadece h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla da tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bilim ve astronomi alan\u0131nda derin izler b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bir bilgin olarak Ay\u2019daki bir kratere ismi verilmi\u015ftir. Semerkant\u2019ta in\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi rasathane ve haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Z\u00eec-i Ulu\u011f Bey” adl\u0131 eseri ile g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc haritalar\u0131na ve bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1417,2953,2954,2704,2955],"class_list":["post-30460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-hukumdar","tag-mogol","tag-timur-imparatorlugu","tag-turk","tag-ulug-bey"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30460"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30460\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}