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Mimarl\u0131k, esteti\u011fi, i\u015flevselli\u011fi ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ustal\u0131kla bir araya getiren disiplinler aras\u0131 bir sanat ve bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu alanda kullan\u0131lan mimari terimler, bir yap\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l ayakta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, estetik a\u00e7\u0131dan nas\u0131l de\u011fer kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7evresiyle nas\u0131l etkile\u015fim kurdu\u011funu anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bir bina ya da yap\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki temel prensipleri ve tekniklerini merak edenler i\u00e7in, yaz\u0131m\u0131zda mimarinin yedi temel terimini listeledik.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Antre” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29802″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Antre, bir yap\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde bulunan ve di\u011fer i\u00e7 mek\u00e2nlara ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flayan ilk alan\u0131 ifade eder. Genellikle kap\u0131dan i\u00e7eriye ad\u0131m at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, misafirlerin eve ya da binaya giri\u015f yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yerdir. Antre, mek\u00e2n\u0131n genel atmosferini yans\u0131tan bir ge\u00e7i\u015f alan\u0131 olarak tasarlan\u0131r; bu nedenle dekorasyonu ve d\u00fczeni b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, paltolar\u0131n, ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u015femsiyelerin b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 pratik bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 olarak da i\u015flev g\u00f6rebilir.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”G\u00f6zpencere” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29803″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
G\u00f6zpencere, kubbe veya tonoz gibi yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde, i\u00e7 mek\u00e2na do\u011fal \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u011flamak ve havaland\u0131rmay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla yerle\u015ftirilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pencerelerdir. Bu pencereler, i\u00e7 mek\u00e2n\u0131n do\u011fal \u0131\u015f\u0131kla ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurken, yap\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f cephesine de zarif bir estetik kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Genellikle yuvarlak ya da oval bi\u00e7imde tasarlanan g\u00f6zpencereler, \u00f6zellikle camiler, kiliseler ve an\u0131tsal yap\u0131lar gibi din\u00ee ve tarihi mimaride s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130\u015flevselli\u011fi ve sanatsal inceli\u011fi bir araya getiren bu detaylar, tarihi yap\u0131lar\u0131n mimari g\u00fczelli\u011fini vurgulayan unsurlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Kemer” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29804″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Kemer, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ge\u00e7mek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan kavisli, yap\u0131sal bir elemand\u0131r. Genellikle ta\u015f, tu\u011fla veya beton gibi malzemelerden in\u015fa edilen kemerler, duvarlar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, kemerli pencereler ve kap\u0131lar gibi yap\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yarak bas\u0131nc\u0131 yanlara do\u011fru da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r. Kemer, y\u00fck\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya ve yanlara yayarak yap\u0131n\u0131n dengede kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda hem estetik bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazand\u0131r\u0131r hem de dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Mimari yap\u0131larda kemerler, Gotik ve Roma mimarisi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde \u00e7e\u015fitli stiller ve ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n kemer t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda yuvarlak kemer, sivri kemer ve bas\u0131k kemer bulunur.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Ni\u015f” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29805″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Ni\u015f, bir duvar y\u00fczeyinde, genellikle dekoratif ama\u00e7larla i\u00e7e do\u011fru oyulmu\u015f girintilerdir. Bu yap\u0131sal elemanlar, objeler, heykeller, vazolar veya dekoratif e\u015fyalar sergilemek i\u00e7in hem i\u015flevsel hem de estetik bir alan sunar. Ni\u015fler, mek\u00e2na derinlik kazand\u0131rarak duvar y\u00fczeylerini monotonluktan kurtar\u0131r ve mek\u00e2na g\u00f6rsel bir dinamizm katar. \u00d6zellikle din\u00ee yap\u0131larda s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hem fonksiyonel hem de estetik katk\u0131lar\u0131yla mimaride \u00f6nemli bir detay olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n
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Str\u00fckt\u00fcr, bir yap\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 ve destekleyici elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden genel terimdir. Yap\u0131n\u0131n stabilitesini ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcm bile\u015fenleri kapsar. Str\u00fckt\u00fcr, binan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f y\u00fcklere ve yer\u00e7ekimi gibi kuvvetlere kar\u015f\u0131 direnebilmesi i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemdir. Yap\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli ve sa\u011flam olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bu sistem, deprem, r\u00fczg\u00e2r, kar gibi d\u0131\u015f etkenlerden kaynaklanan y\u00fcklerin yap\u0131ya zarar vermemesi i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Do\u011fru str\u00fckt\u00fcr tasar\u0131m\u0131, malzeme se\u00e7imi ve in\u015fa s\u00fcrecinde dikkat edilmesi gereken en temel konular aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, str\u00fckt\u00fcr sadece i\u015flevselli\u011fiyle de\u011fil, estetik a\u00e7\u0131dan da yap\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131nda belirleyici bir unsur olabilir. \u00d6zellikle modern mimaride str\u00fckt\u00fcr, mimari tasar\u0131m\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve binan\u0131n karakterini olu\u015fturan \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fen haline gelebilir.<\/p>\n
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Fresk, duvar y\u00fczeyine uygulanan \u00f6zel bir resim tekni\u011fidir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde boya, hen\u00fcz kurumam\u0131\u015f taze kire\u00e7 s\u0131vas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine uygulan\u0131r. Kelime k\u00f6keni \u0130talyancada “taze” anlam\u0131na gelen “fresco” kelimesinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Boyan\u0131n, s\u0131va ile kimyasal olarak birle\u015fmesi sayesinde freskler olduk\u00e7a uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olur. \u00d6zellikle R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bu teknik, b\u00fcy\u00fck duvar y\u00fczeylerinde din\u00ee, mitolojik veya tarih\u00ee sahneleri i\u015flemek i\u00e7in tercih edilmi\u015ftir. Freskler, bulunduklar\u0131 yap\u0131n\u0131n esteti\u011fine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flar. Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, s\u0131va kurumadan eseri tamamlamak zorunda olduklar\u0131ndan h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kesin f\u0131r\u00e7a darbeleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r; bu y\u00fczden hata yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fczeltmek olduk\u00e7a zordur. Bu nedenle fresk tekni\u011finde, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n becerisi ve dikkatli planlamas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Tonoz” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29808″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Tonoz, i\u00e7 mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kavisli veya yar\u0131m daire bi\u00e7iminde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131sal elemand\u0131r. Genellikle bir ya da daha fazla kemerin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilir b\u00fcy\u00fck alanlar\u0131n kaplanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Tonozlar, \u00f6zellikle tarih\u00ee yap\u0131lar, kiliseler ve camilerde s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130lk \u00f6rnekleri Mezopotamya ve M\u0131s\u0131r uygarl\u0131klar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olup, birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kemerlerin arka arkaya dizilmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7elik ve betonarme kiri\u015flerin hen\u00fcz bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, uzun a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ge\u00e7menin en etkili yolu olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genellikle kemer ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lsa da tonoz asl\u0131nda bir ya da daha fazla kemerin ard\u0131 ard\u0131na s\u0131ralanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan ve geni\u015f mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n \u00fczerini \u00f6rten kavisli bir yap\u0131 eleman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Mimarl\u0131k, esteti\u011fi, i\u015flevselli\u011fi ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ustal\u0131kla bir araya getiren disiplinler aras\u0131 bir sanat ve bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu alanda kullan\u0131lan mimari terimler, bir yap\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l ayakta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, estetik a\u00e7\u0131dan nas\u0131l de\u011fer kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7evresiyle nas\u0131l etkile\u015fim kurdu\u011funu anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bir bina ya da yap\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki temel prensipleri ve tekniklerini merak edenler i\u00e7in, yaz\u0131m\u0131zda mimarinin yedi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29801,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[864,3135,3136,3137],"class_list":["post-29800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-estetik","tag-islevsellik","tag-mimari-terim","tag-mimarlik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29800"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29800\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}