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Sadece asker\u00ee ama\u00e7la de\u011fil ara\u015ft\u0131rma, ke\u015fif ve kurtarma operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lan denizalt\u0131lar\u0131, su alt\u0131ndaki ya\u015fam hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok bilgiye eri\u015fmemizi sa\u011flad\u0131. \u0130lk fikirleri M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Aristoteles taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lan ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Leonardo da Vinci taraf\u0131ndan ilk kez tasar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan denizalt\u0131lar\u0131n y\u0131llar s\u00fcren icat ser\u00fcvenini yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
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\u0130lk denizalt\u0131, \u0130ngiltere Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Hollandal\u0131 mucit Cornelius Drebbel taraf\u0131ndan icat edilir. Ah\u015fap bir kay\u0131ktan yap\u0131lan ve i\u00e7erisine su girmesine engel olmak i\u00e7in ya\u011fl\u0131 deri ile kaplanan denizalt\u0131, 1620 y\u0131l\u0131nda Thames Nehri’ne, k\u00fcrek \u00e7eken 12 m\u00fcrettebat\u0131yla, 4-5 metreye kadar dal\u0131\u015f yapar. M\u00fcrettebat\u0131n oksijeni ise potasyum nitrat\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ile sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Asker\u00ee ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lan ilk denizalt\u0131 ise ABD\u2019li David Bushnell taraf\u0131ndan Amerikan Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in in\u015fa edilen \u201cTurtle\u201d yani \u201cKaplumba\u011fa\u201d isimli denizalt\u0131 olur. 1776 y\u0131l\u0131nda su alt\u0131na dalan, me\u015fe odunundan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 2 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki Turtle, Hindistan cevizine benzeyen \u015fekliyle dikkat \u00e7eker. Bu tek ki\u015filik denizalt\u0131, el ile d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen pervaneler yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u00dcst kapa\u011f\u0131ndaki uzun vida mekanizmas\u0131yla zamanl\u0131 bir bombay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman gemisine yerle\u015ftirebilecek donan\u0131ma sahiptir.<\/p>\n
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1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, buharl\u0131 gemi icad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden biri olan ABD\u2019li Robert Fulton, Frans\u0131z donanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fczeydeyken kanat ya da yelken ile, suyun alt\u0131nda ise elle \u00e7evrilen pervaneyle y\u00fczebilen \u201cNautilus\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi bir denizalt\u0131 tasarlar. Bu denizalt\u0131 kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve pratik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir zaman suya dal\u0131\u015f yapamaz ancak, Frans\u0131z yazar Jules Verne\u2019nin 1870\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan \u201cDenizler Alt\u0131nda Yirmi Bin Fersah\u201d kitab\u0131ndaki denizalt\u0131na ismini verir. Jules Verne’nin bu roman\u0131, denizalt\u0131lara olan ilgiyi art\u0131r\u0131r ve d\u00f6nemin pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir yer edinir.<\/p>\n
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1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda insan g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve su alt\u0131na k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli dal\u0131\u015flar yapabilen denizalt\u0131 tasarlayan \u0130rlanda as\u0131ll\u0131 ABD\u2019li m\u00fchendis John Philip Holland, 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda suyun \u00fczerindeyken benzinli motorla, suya dald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise elektrikli motorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u201cFenian Ram\u201d ismini verdi\u011fi modern bir denizalt\u0131 icat eder. Fenian Ram d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk pratik denizalt\u0131s\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
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ABD Donanmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fiyle, John Philip Holland 15 metre uzunlu\u011funda, \u00fc\u00e7 adet torpido (gemileri bat\u0131rmaya yarayan denizalt\u0131 silahlar\u0131) ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201cUSS Holland\u201d ad\u0131ndaki denizalt\u0131y\u0131 \u00fcretir. John Philip Holland, sonraki y\u0131llarda bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke i\u00e7in denizalt\u0131 in\u015fa etmeye devam eder. Farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke filosunu modernize etmek i\u00e7in ileri teknolojilere yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparak denizalt\u0131 \u00fcretir. \u00d6zellikle So\u011fuk Sava\u015f D\u00f6nemi’nde denizalt\u0131lar asker\u00ee stratejilerin merkezinde yer alm\u0131\u015f, bu nedenle \u00fclkeler denizalt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n teknolojisini s\u00fcrekli olarak geli\u015ftirmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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ABD\u2019nin Deniz Kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk n\u00fckleer denizalt\u0131s\u0131 olan “USS Nautilus\u201d 1954’te ilk dal\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Geli\u015fmi\u015f sonar sistemleri, n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcniteleri gibi teknolojiler, denizalt\u0131lar\u0131n hem asker\u00ee hem de sivil kullan\u0131m\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok yenilik getirir. N\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcniteleri denizalt\u0131lar\u0131n daha uzun s\u00fcre suyun alt\u0131nda kalabilmelerini sa\u011flarken, stealth (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck) teknolojileri denizalt\u0131lar\u0131n radar ve sonar sistemlerinden tespit edilmesini daha g\u00fc\u00e7 h\u00e2le getirir. 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda USS Nautilus\u2019un Kuzey Kutbu\u2019nu ge\u00e7i\u015fi denizalt\u0131 teknolojisindeki ilerlemeyi simgeleyen \u00f6nemli olaylardan biridir.<\/p>\n
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B\u00fcy\u00fck derinliklere dalabilen denizalt\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan Bathyscaphe Trieste, 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde bilinen en derin nokta olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Okyanus\u2019taki Mariana \u00c7ukuru\u2019na dal\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir ve 10.911 metre derinli\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131r. Dal\u0131\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 saat s\u00fcrer ve Trieste, deniz taban\u0131nda 20 dakika boyunca kal\u0131r. O derinlikteki bas\u0131n\u00e7, deniz seviyesindekinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.100 kat\u0131d\u0131r, bu da her metrekareye 1.1 tonluk bir kuvvet uygulanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu denizalt\u0131 \u015fu an Amerikan Ulusal Denizalt\u0131 M\u00fczesi’nde sergilenmektedir. Rusya’n\u0131n Typhoon s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 denizalt\u0131lar\u0131 ise 175 metre uzunlu\u011fuyla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck denizalt\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde ileri teknolojilere sahip ara\u00e7lar h\u00e2line gelen denizalt\u0131lar\u0131n turistik modellerinde pencere bulunurken, asker\u00ee g\u00f6rev ya da ara\u015ft\u0131rma amac\u0131yla tasarlananlarda su alt\u0131ndayken cisimlere \u00e7arpmamak ve yak\u0131nlardaki gemileri alg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u201csonar\u201d sistemi kullan\u0131l\u0131r, pencere bulunmaz. Sonar sistemi ses dalgas\u0131 yayar ve geri yans\u0131yan ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n alg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Di\u011fer sonar sistemlerinden saklanabilmek i\u00e7in son derece sessiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ekipmanlarla donat\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Sadece asker\u00ee ama\u00e7la de\u011fil ara\u015ft\u0131rma, ke\u015fif ve kurtarma operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lan denizalt\u0131lar\u0131, su alt\u0131ndaki ya\u015fam hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok bilgiye eri\u015fmemizi sa\u011flad\u0131. \u0130lk fikirleri M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Aristoteles taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lan ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Leonardo da Vinci taraf\u0131ndan ilk kez tasar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan denizalt\u0131lar\u0131n y\u0131llar s\u00fcren icat ser\u00fcvenini yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyabilirsiniz. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”1#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29628″ img_size=”full” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[3108,1731,3870],"class_list":["post-29626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-arac","tag-denizalti","tag-kesif"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29626"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29626\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}