[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
T\u0131p dilinde \u201ckan transf\u00fczyonu\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan kan nakli sayesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde milyonlarca insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fmakta. Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ilk denemeleri 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l itibar\u0131yla ba\u015flayan kan naklinin k\u0131sa tarihini okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
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Bilinen ilk kan transf\u00fczyonu 1492 y\u0131l\u0131nda Katolik Kilisesi\u2019nin lideri Papa VIII. Innocent\u2019e yap\u0131l\u0131r ancak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmaz. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle tedavi i\u00e7in o d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re \u00f6nc\u00fc say\u0131labilecek \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler denenir, \u00fc\u00e7 gen\u00e7ten al\u0131nan kan Papa\u2019ya verilir. Ancak hem Papa hem de kan veren \u00fc\u00e7 gen\u00e7 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>\n
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\u0130ngiliz hekim ve fizyolojinin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden Richard Lower, 1666 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00f6pekler aras\u0131nda ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kan naklini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren isim olur. Kalp ve akci\u011ferler \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan Lower, insanlar aras\u0131ndaki kan transf\u00fczyonlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik deneyler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir ancak bu denemeler s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 elde eder.<\/p>\n
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Frans\u0131z hekim Jean-Baptiste Denis, 1667 y\u0131l\u0131nda insanlara hayvan kan\u0131 nakletme denemelerini ba\u015flat\u0131r ve tarihteki ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 insan kan transf\u00fczyonu denemesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Hasta bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa, koyun kan\u0131 nakleder ve \u00e7ocuk bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine hayatta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r. Ancak daha sonraki nakiller yan etkilere yol a\u00e7ar ve sonu\u00e7lar genellikle olumsuz olur. Denis’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, sonras\u0131nda da Fransa’da hayvan kan\u0131n\u0131n insanlara nakledilmesi yasaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”4#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29464″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, \u0130ngiliz cerrah James Blundell, \u0130ngiltere’de insandan insana ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kan naklini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren isim olur. 1818 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fum sonras\u0131 kanama ge\u00e7iren bir anneye, hastan\u0131n e\u015finden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131 transf\u00fcze eder. Blundell\u2019\u0131n bu alandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle do\u011fum sonras\u0131 kanama gibi durumlarda kan naklinin \u00f6nemini ortaya koyar. Ayr\u0131ca hem\u015firelik e\u011fitiminin geli\u015ftirilmesine de katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Klinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bilimsel makaleler ve deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla t\u0131p alan\u0131na \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flar, hem pratik hem de teorik olarak t\u0131p biliminin ilerlemesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynar.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”5#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29465″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avusturyal\u0131 bilim insan\u0131 Karl Landsteiner, A, B ve O kan gruplar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffeder. Bu ke\u015fif, kan transf\u00fczyonlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131larak modern t\u0131pta \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Transf\u00fczyonun milad\u0131 niteli\u011findeki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, kan nakillerinde uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinde kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. 1900\u2019ler art\u0131k kan ve dola\u015f\u0131m sistemiyle ilgili \u00f6nemli bilgilerin ke\u015ffedildi\u011fi y\u0131llar olur. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ABD\u2019de asker\u00ee hekim olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Oswald Hope Robertson, kan\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre saklanabilmesini sa\u011flayan p\u0131ht\u0131 \u00f6nleyici sistemi ke\u015ffeder. \u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 hekim Albert Hustin ise ilk kez do\u011frudan olmayan kan naklini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Yani bu, kan\u0131n do\u011fru ko\u015fullarda muhafaza edilerek daha sonra kullan\u0131labilmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kilit rol ile bir\u00e7ok askerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtar\u0131r. 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk kan bankas\u0131 kurulur, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda Roma\u2019da ilk kan transf\u00fczyonu kongresi d\u00fczenlenir.<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”7#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29467″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n Kan gruplar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffeden Karl Landsteiner, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015f\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 biyolog ve doktor Alexander Solomon Wiener ile 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rh fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u015ffeder. Bu ke\u015fif, kan nakillerinde ve gebeliklerde kan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Modern t\u0131pta, kan komponentlerinin (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccreleri, plazma, trombositler) ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Bu, spesifik ihtiya\u00e7lara y\u00f6nelik tedaviyi daha etkili h\u00e2le getirir.<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”8#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29468″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n \u00dclkemizde kan transf\u00fczyonu ile ilgili ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar 1921 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla Prof. Dr. Burhanettin Toker taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r. Cerrahpa\u015fa T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesinde 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk transf\u00fczyon ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. 1940-1945 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fclkemiz \u00fcniversiteleri ile baz\u0131 devlet hastanelerinde kan \u00fcniteleri kurulur, doktorlar\u0131m\u0131z kan transf\u00fczyonu konusunda e\u011fitim almalar\u0131 i\u00e7in 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere ve ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilir. 1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara ve \u0130stanbul’da ilk modern kan merkezleri a\u00e7\u0131larak kan bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131nda hizmet verilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”9#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29469″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kan nakli, ileri teknoloji ve g\u00fcvenlik protokolleri sayesinde olduk\u00e7a g\u00fcvenli ve etkili bir tedavi y\u00f6ntemi olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kan bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemlerinin geli\u015fimi, kan\u0131n do\u011fru ko\u015fullarda saklanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve gerekti\u011finde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde temin edilmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Kan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve al\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan uyumluluk testleri, nakil i\u015fleminin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmakta ve yan etki riskini en aza indirgemektedir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kan nakli t\u0131bb\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olarak insan hayat\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda ve iyile\u015ftirilmesinde kritik bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] T\u0131p dilinde \u201ckan transf\u00fczyonu\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan kan nakli sayesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde milyonlarca insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fmakta. Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ilk denemeleri 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l itibar\u0131yla ba\u015flayan kan naklinin k\u0131sa tarihini okuyabilirsiniz. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”1#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”29461″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”] Bilinen ilk kan transf\u00fczyonu 1492 y\u0131l\u0131nda Katolik Kilisesi\u2019nin lideri Papa VIII. Innocent\u2019e yap\u0131l\u0131r ancak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmaz. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29460,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[2281,2282,2283,1688],"class_list":["post-29459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam","tag-kan-nakli","tag-kan-transfuzyonu","tag-modern-tip","tag-tip"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29459"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29459\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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