{"id":28556,"date":"2024-02-26T11:45:58","date_gmt":"2024-02-26T08:45:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kulturveyasam.com\/?p=28556"},"modified":"2024-02-26T11:45:58","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T08:45:58","slug":"gecmisten-gelecege-turk-kulturundeki-zanaatlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/?p=28556","title":{"rendered":"GE\u00c7M\u0130\u015eTEN GELECE\u011eE T\u00dcRK K\u00dcLT\u00dcR\u00dcNDEK\u0130 ZANAATLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

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K\u00fclt\u00fcr, bir toplumun benzersiz niteliklerini yans\u0131tan ve ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan bir hazinedir. T\u00fcrkiye’nin zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 bu topraklar\u0131n estetik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, sanat\u0131n\u0131n ve el i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerini sunar. Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn zenginliklerini yans\u0131tan el sanatlar\u0131n\u0131n en nadide \u00f6rneklerini listeledik.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Telk\u00e2ri” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”28558″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n

Bilinen en eski sanatlardan olan telk\u00e2rinin k\u00f6keni, Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da M.\u00d6. 3000’lere kadar uzan\u0131r. Tamamen elle yap\u0131lan bu sanat, alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tellerin ince bir i\u015f\u00e7ilikle, ustalar\u0131n h\u00fcnerli ellerinde \u015fekillenerek zarif birer sanat eserine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Ocakta eritilen maden, \u00e7ubuk h\u00e2line getirilmek i\u00e7in kal\u0131ba d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ve \u00e7elikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u201chadde\u2019\u2019 denilen ara\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilir. Maden, bu tekrarlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda sertle\u015fir ve ard\u0131ndan sab\u0131rla tavlan\u0131r. Elde edilen teller kendi etraf\u0131nda oval veya yuvarlak \u015fekillerde sar\u0131l\u0131r. 15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana Mardinli zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n h\u00fcnerli ellerinden \u00e7\u0131kan sa\u00e7 teli kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131n el i\u015fi tak\u0131lar ve s\u00fcslemeler, geleneksel de\u011ferlerimiz aras\u0131ndaki en k\u0131ymetli hazinelerden say\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Minyat\u00fcr Sanat\u0131” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”28559″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Pakistan, Suudi Arabistan, Azerbaycan gibi farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ustal\u0131kla yap\u0131lan ve kendine has bir resim bi\u00e7imi olan minyat\u00fcr sanat\u0131<\/a>, bir d\u00f6nem el yazmas\u0131 kitaplardaki metni g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Metinde yer alan bilgileri daha a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00e2le getiren minyat\u00fcr sanat\u0131nda sanat\u00e7\u0131, i\u015flenen teman\u0131n bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar\u0131 ve manzaralar\u0131 minik fig\u00fcrler ile ustal\u0131kla g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirirken; Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde bu sanat kendine has eserlerini \u00fcreterek \u201cOsmanl\u0131 minyat\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir forma ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u2019in bu sanata olan ilgisi geli\u015fiminde \u00f6nemli rol oynarken Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman’a kadar olan d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 minyat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk \u00f6zg\u00fcn eserleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”K\u00fcndek\u00e2ri Sanat\u0131” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”28560″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n

Ata yadig\u00e2r\u0131 k\u00fcndek\u00e2ri sanat\u0131, y\u00fczlerce ah\u015fap par\u00e7an\u0131n \u00e7ivi ve tutkal kullanmadan bir araya gelmesiyle yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Sekizgen, be\u015fgen, y\u0131ld\u0131z gibi geometrik \u015fekillerde kesilmi\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ah\u015fap par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine ge\u00e7irilip s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla d\u00fcz y\u00fczeyler olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir tekniktir. K\u00fcndek\u00e2ri, asl\u0131nda tek par\u00e7a ah\u015fapta nem ve \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sebebiyle olu\u015fan e\u011frilme ve form de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ortaya \u00e7\u0131ksa da ustalar\u0131n \u00fcrettikleri eserler ah\u015fab\u0131n sanata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f h\u00e2lidir. K\u00fcndek\u00e2ri sanat\u0131nda tercih edilen a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri \u00f6ncelikle ceviz, me\u015fe, \u015fim\u015fir, armut, abanoz ve g\u00fcl a\u011fac\u0131d\u0131r. Zanaatk\u00e2r\u0131na \u201ck\u00fcndek\u00e2r\u201d denilen bu sanat, Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6neminden bu yana sivil mimaride kap\u0131, pencere kanatlar\u0131, dolap kapa\u011f\u0131, s\u00fctun g\u00f6vdesi ve ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sa\u00e7ak, tavan, kiri\u015f ve korkuluk gibi bir\u00e7ok yerde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dini yap\u0131larda ise kap\u0131, pencere, dolap kapa\u011f\u0131, minber, mihrap, vaiz k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fc, Kur\u2019an mahfazas\u0131, \u00e7ekmece, mezar sandukas\u0131 gibi par\u00e7alarda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. K\u00fcndek\u00e2ri sanat\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fczel i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda in\u015fa edilen Ankara\u2019daki Ah\u00ee Elvan Camii\u2019nin minberinde, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda in\u015fa edilen Merzifon \u00c7elebi Sultan Medresesi\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 ile Konya\u2019daki Al\u00e2eddin Camii minberinde g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu minber, Sel\u00e7uklu ah\u015fap i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin en zarif \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. 1155\u2019te yap\u0131lan eserin ustas\u0131 Ahlatl\u0131 Mengim Begi, abanoz a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 \u00e7ivi kullanmadan tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve dokuz as\u0131rd\u0131r sapasa\u011flam ayaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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K\u00f6keni Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na kadar uzanan kat\u0131\u2019 sanat\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin el i\u015fi gelene\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. \u00d6zellikle Anadolu’nun \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00f6ylerinde ve \u015fehirlerinde ustalar taraf\u0131ndan titizlikle icra edilen kat\u0131\u2019 sanat\u0131, dokuma \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine estetik bir dokunu\u015f katmay\u0131 hedefler. \u0130nce bir ipek, y\u00fcn veya pamuk iplik kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan bu s\u00fcsleme tekni\u011fi, simetrik desenler ve canl\u0131 renklerin ustal\u0131kla birle\u015ftirilmesi ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00d6zg\u00fcn ve detayl\u0131 desenleriyle dikkat \u00e7eken bu sanatta geometrik motifler, \u00e7i\u00e7ek desenleri, yaz\u0131lar ve semboller ustal\u0131kla kuma\u015fa i\u015flenir. Ustalar; kal\u0131plar, ip ve kuma\u015f\u0131n uyumunu sa\u011flayarak estetik bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck olu\u015fturur. Renk uyumu ise sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Kat\u0131\u2019 sanat\u0131 desenlerinin her biri, anlat\u0131lmak istenen bir hik\u00e2yeyi veya sembolik bir anlam\u0131 temsil eder. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u015fair, yazar ve tarih\u00e7i Gelibolulu Mustafa \u00c2l\u00ee Efendi’nin “Men\u00e2k\u0131b-\u0131 H\u00fcnerveran” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndaki kat\u0131’ sanat\u0131, ilk ve en \u00f6nemli eserlerden biri olarak kabul edilir. \u00d6nemli kat\u0131’ sanatk\u00e2rlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u015eeyh Muhammed Dost, Sengi Ali Bedah\u015fi ve Muhammed Bak\u0131r yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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L\u00fcle ta\u015f\u0131 i\u015fleme sanat\u0131, Eski\u015fehir\u2019de k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir gelene\u011fe sahip olan bir el sanat\u0131d\u0131r. Eski\u015fehir’in \u00e7evresinde bulunan bir do\u011fal ta\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc olan l\u00fcle ta\u015f\u0131, milyonlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcren do\u011fal bir olu\u015fum s\u00fcrecinin sonucunda olu\u015fur. L\u00fcle ta\u015f\u0131 i\u015fleme sanat\u0131, bu ta\u015flar\u0131n el i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ile ustal\u0131kla i\u015flenerek istenilen forma ula\u015fmas\u0131yla icra edilir. Sonras\u0131nda l\u00fcle ta\u015f\u0131 par\u00e7as\u0131 cilalan\u0131r ve p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir y\u00fczey elde edilir. Ard\u0131ndan elmas veya sert metal aletler kullan\u0131larak oyma ve kesme i\u015flemleri yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ustalar incelikle ve dikkatle ta\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerine motifler, desenler veya resimler i\u015fler. L\u00fcle ta\u015f\u0131 i\u015fleme sanat\u0131, bu hassas ve detayl\u0131 oyma i\u015flemi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen benzersiz desenler ve grav\u00fcrlerle \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yumu\u015fak bir ta\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen i\u015fleme s\u00fcreci s\u0131ras\u0131nda sert ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 h\u00e2le gelir. Bu, ustalar\u0131n ince detaylar\u0131 ustal\u0131kla i\u015fleyebilmelerini sa\u011flar. Hititler d\u00f6nemine kadar uzanan bu sanat, m\u00fccevher ve s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde ise alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayan l\u00fcle ta\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemesi, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli ki\u015filer i\u00e7in de sunulan bir hediyedir.<\/p>\n

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Ke\u00e7ecilik, y\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015flenmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir el sanat\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrde yer alsa da Orta Asya\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcrklerin Orta Asya\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcnden sonra bu topraklarda da i\u015flenen ke\u00e7ecilik; Kayseri, Konya, Erzurum, Tokat ve Sivas gibi \u015fehirlerde en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerini vermi\u015f ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 aktif olarak \u00fcretimi devam etmektedir. Ke\u00e7ecilik, y\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fal liflerini birbirine ge\u00e7irme y\u00f6ntemiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Y\u00fcnl\u00fc malzeme do\u011fal sabun ve suyla \u0131slat\u0131l\u0131r, ard\u0131ndan elle yo\u011frulur veya vurulur. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te liflerin birbirine ge\u00e7mesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Giyim e\u015fyas\u0131, kilim, minder, \u00e7anta ve ayakkab\u0131 gibi g\u00fcnl\u00fck kullan\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin yap\u0131m\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr; ke\u00e7e \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lacak dekoratif s\u00fcslemeler i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u011fme, boncuk ve ayna gibi farkl\u0131 malzemeler kullan\u0131labilir. T\u00fcrk ke\u00e7ecili\u011fi sadece bir el sanat\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir simge haline gelmi\u015f; k\u00f6y hayat\u0131 ve geleneksel ya\u015fam tarz\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; yayla ya\u015fam\u0131nda ke\u00e7eden yap\u0131lan \u00e7ad\u0131rlar ve giysiler s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Hem fonksiyonel hem de estetik a\u00e7\u0131dan olduk\u00e7a etkileyici olan ke\u00e7eler do\u011fal malzemelerin el eme\u011fi g\u00f6z nuru i\u015flenmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan benzersiz eserlerdir.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Edirnek\u00e2ri Sanat\u0131” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”28564″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n

Edirne \u015fehrine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir s\u00fcsleme tekni\u011fi olan Edirnek\u00e2ri, geometrik formlar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ah\u015fap \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan bir oyma sanat\u0131d\u0131r. Edirne, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun ba\u015fkenti oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat merkezi olarak hizmet vermi\u015f, en g\u00fczel ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn eserleri genellikle cami ve medrese gibi dini yap\u0131larda kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu eserlerde ah\u015fap minberler, mihraplar, k\u00fcrs\u00fcler, sandukalar ve dolaplar Edirnek\u00e2ri tekni\u011fiyle s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. Geometrik desenler, bitki motifleri ve hat yaz\u0131lar\u0131 gibi detaylarla s\u00fcslenen eserler titizlikle i\u015flenmi\u015f ah\u015fap oymalar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eker. Bir\u00e7ok Edirnek\u00e2ri eseri aras\u0131nda en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc, Edirne Selimiye Camii’nde bulunan k\u00fcrs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu k\u00fcrs\u00fc, \u0130znik \u00e7inisi kaplama, kalem i\u015fi s\u00fcslemeler ve ah\u015fap oymalarla zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir \u015faheserdir. Selimiye Camii’nin mimar\u0131 Mimar Sinan’\u0131n bu eseri, Edirnek\u00e2ri sanat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6zg\u00fcn ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] K\u00fclt\u00fcr, bir toplumun benzersiz niteliklerini yans\u0131tan ve ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan bir hazinedir. T\u00fcrkiye’nin zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 bu topraklar\u0131n estetik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, sanat\u0131n\u0131n ve el i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerini sunar. Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn zenginliklerini yans\u0131tan el sanatlar\u0131n\u0131n en nadide \u00f6rneklerini listeledik. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Telk\u00e2ri” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”28558″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”] Bilinen en eski sanatlardan olan telk\u00e2rinin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28557,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1902,1903,1904,1571],"class_list":["post-28556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-el-isciligi","tag-el-sanatlari","tag-nadide-ornekler","tag-turk-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28556","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28556"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28556\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}