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Do\u011fan\u0131n en \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve en organize canl\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki toplam say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 20 katrilyon oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. Yap\u0131lan hesaplara g\u00f6re kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n toplam a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n be\u015fte birine denk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Topra\u011f\u0131n hava almas\u0131n\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 tohumlarla bitki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini sa\u011flamas\u0131 gibi ekosisteme bir\u00e7ok hayati katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunan kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ve davran\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelli\u011fi bulunuyor. Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6zellikleri ile \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan ba\u015fl\u0131ca kar\u0131nca t\u00fcrlerini listeledik.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Bal Kar\u0131ncas\u0131 ” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”28106″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Bal ar\u0131lar\u0131 gibi bal depolayan bu kar\u0131ncalar, depolad\u0131klar\u0131 bal\u0131 a\u00e7 kald\u0131klar\u0131 zaman t\u00fcketebilir ve hatta a\u00e7 kalan ba\u015fka kar\u0131ncalarla da payla\u015fabilirler. Bal kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kolonilerde baz\u0131 kar\u0131ncalar i\u015f\u00e7i, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise depo g\u00f6revindedir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kar\u0131ncalar akasya a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan bal \u00f6z\u00fc toplar ve ar\u0131lar gibi kovana g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek yerine depo g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren kar\u0131ncalara yedirirler. Depo kar\u0131ncalar\u0131 o kadar \u00e7ok nektarla beslenir ki kar\u0131nlar\u0131 nohut tanesi kadar \u015fi\u015fer. Bal deposu g\u00f6revindeki kar\u0131ncalar neredeyse hi\u00e7 hareket etmez, az enerji harcar. Kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n bal depolama ya da depodan bal aktarma i\u015flemi mide kapa\u011f\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \u0130leri ya da geri y\u00f6nde hareket edebilen mide kapa\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u0131ncalar bal depolay\u0131p, depodan bal aktarabilir.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Yaprak Kesen Kar\u0131nca” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”28103″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
Yaprak par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 yuvalar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in yaprak kesen kar\u0131nca ismini alan bu t\u00fcr, toplad\u0131klar\u0131 yapraklar\u0131 beslenmek i\u00e7in kullanmaz. V\u00fccutlar\u0131nda bitkilerde bulunan sel\u00fclozu sindirebilecek enzimler bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in protein oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir mantar t\u00fcr\u00fc ile beslenen bu kar\u0131ncalar; yapraklar\u0131 mantar \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in yuvalar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131r. Kar\u0131ncalar \u00e2leminin \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri olan bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn kolonilerinde bedenen daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan i\u015f\u00e7i kar\u0131ncalar yapraklar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara ay\u0131r\u0131r. Di\u011fer grup, bu par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fneyerek lapa haline getirir ve lapay\u0131 mantar \u00fcretecekleri yuvan\u0131n odac\u0131klar\u0131ndaki zemine yayar. Bir ba\u015fka grup mantar par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek lapan\u0131n \u00fczerine serer ve \u00fczerine yeni yaprak lapas\u0131 eklenir. Mantar, muntazam bir i\u015f birli\u011fi ile haz\u0131rlanan bu alanda yeti\u015fir.<\/p>\n
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Genellikle koyu kahverengi ya da siyaha yak\u0131n renkte olan asfalt kar\u0131ncalar\u0131 kent ya\u015fam\u0131na adapte olmu\u015f bir t\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Krali\u00e7e kar\u0131ncalar i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndedir ve sadece krali\u00e7enin \u00fczerinde diken benzeri yap\u0131lar bulunur. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n t\u00fcketti\u011fi her \u015fey ile beslenebilen bu t\u00fcr, yuvalar\u0131n\u0131 genellikle su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131na yapar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kar\u0131ncalar \u00f6zellikle \u015fekerli besinleri toplar; \u015fekerli g\u0131dalar, meyve nektarlar\u0131, bitki tohumlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere geni\u015f bir yelpazede beslenirler. Alt\u0131 bacakl\u0131 olan asfalt kar\u0131ncalar\u0131 en s\u0131k bahar ve yaz aylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”Marangoz Kar\u0131nca” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”28102″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
En b\u00fcy\u00fck kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fc aras\u0131nda yer alan marangoz kar\u0131nca, siyah ve k\u0131z\u0131l tonlar\u0131ndad\u0131r ve kar\u0131ncalar \u00e2leminin en sosyal t\u00fcrlerinden biridir. \u00d6zellikle nemli alanlarda; tahta veya ah\u015fap i\u00e7erisindeki bo\u015fluklarda ya\u015far. Ancak odun ve tala\u015f ile de\u011fil; bitki \u00f6zsuyu, meyveler ve evlerde t\u00fcketilen hemen hemen her \u015fey ile beslenirler. Marangoz kar\u0131ncalar b\u00fcy\u00fck koloniler halinde ya\u015fayan kar\u0131nca t\u00fcrlerindendir. Sadece marangoz kar\u0131ncalar aras\u0131nda bile 1.000\u2019den fazla t\u00fcr bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bir marangoz kar\u0131nca kolonisinde 100 bine kadar kar\u0131nca olabilir. Odunlar\u0131 kaz\u0131mak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00e7eneye sahip bu kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n kolonisinde tek krali\u00e7e kar\u0131nca bulunur ve ortalama 30 y\u0131la yak\u0131n ya\u015fam \u00f6mr\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 200’\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunan ate\u015f kar\u0131ncalar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yanmaya benzer bir ac\u0131ya neden olur. Is\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131nda verdikleri yak\u0131c\u0131 ac\u0131dan dolay\u0131 bu ismi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stilac\u0131 bir t\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Genellikle kuru kalm\u0131\u015f topraklarda, az sulanan tarlalarda ve kuru \u00e7imenlik alanlarda kolonilerini kuran ate\u015f kar\u0131ncalar\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu kar\u0131nca t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn aksine ev i\u00e7lerine girmeyi \u00e7ok sevmez. Ate\u015f kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n\u0131n en sevdi\u011fi yiyecekler; bah\u00e7ede veya evin \u00e7evresinde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ar\u0131, b\u00f6cek, kertenkele ve sa\u011flam sebzeler, \u015fekerli g\u0131da maddeleri ile \u00e7im tohumlar\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fada susuz bir toprakta k\u0131z\u0131l bir kum tepesi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z muhtemelen bu bir ate\u015f kar\u0131ncas\u0131n\u0131n kolonisidir.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”H\u0131rs\u0131z Kar\u0131nca” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”28105″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlardaki h\u0131rs\u0131z kar\u0131ncalar di\u011fer kar\u0131nca kolonilerinin yak\u0131nlar\u0131na yuva yapar ve bu kolonilerin besinlerini, larvalar\u0131n\u0131 ve yumurtalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7alar. \u0130simleri de buradan gelmektedir. H\u0131rs\u0131z kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n besinleri olduk\u00e7a geni\u015ftir, hemen hemen her g\u0131day\u0131 ve mantar\u0131 besin olarak t\u00fcketebilir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kapal\u0131 bir kavanoza bile girebilen bu t\u00fcr, nemli ve rutubetli yerleri sever. \u00c7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00fcreme kapasitesine sahip olan alt\u0131n sar\u0131s\u0131 rengindeki h\u0131rs\u0131z kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n di\u011fer kar\u0131ncalar gibi tatl\u0131 besinlerle pek aras\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Do\u011fan\u0131n en \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve en organize canl\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki toplam say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 20 katrilyon oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. Yap\u0131lan hesaplara g\u00f6re kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n toplam a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n be\u015fte birine denk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Topra\u011f\u0131n hava almas\u0131n\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 tohumlarla bitki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini sa\u011flamas\u0131 gibi ekosisteme bir\u00e7ok hayati katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunan kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ve davran\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelli\u011fi bulunuyor. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[1258,185,1787,1788],"class_list":["post-28084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rota-doga","tag-canli","tag-doga","tag-karinca","tag-karinca-turleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28084"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28084\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}