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1798\u2019de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n kuzeyindeki Re\u015fid kentinde tesad\u00fcfen bulunan bir ta\u015f, Antik M\u0131s\u0131r medeniyetinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hiyeroglif dilini \u00e7\u00f6zmemizi sa\u011flad\u0131. Bulundu\u011fu kentin ismini alan Rosetta ya da Re\u015fid Ta\u015f\u0131, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r gizemini koruyan Firavunlar ve Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda muazzam bilgilerin de kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralad\u0131. Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 hik\u00e2yesini yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
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\u0130nsan, hayvan ve nesnelerin resimleri ile olu\u015fturulan hiyeroglif, Yunanca bir kelimedir ve \u201ckutsal oyma\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. 5 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan bu yaz\u0131 dili, M.S. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar da aktif olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hiyeroglif dilinde kelimeler aras\u0131 bo\u015fluk b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz ve noktalama kullan\u0131lmaz. Sa\u011fdan sola yaz\u0131labildi\u011fi gibi soldan sa\u011fa da yaz\u0131labilir hem yatay hem dikey olabilir. Bu durum hiyerogliflerin okunmas\u0131n\u0131 daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, metinlerin de\u015fifresi i\u00e7in Eski M\u0131s\u0131r dilinin kurallar\u0131na h\u00e2kim olmay\u0131 zorunlu h\u00e2le getirir. Ancak art\u0131k yok olan bu dil, neredeyse iki bin senedir kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r gizemini koruyan M\u0131s\u0131r hiyerogliflerinin okunabilmesi ancak 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Gizem perdesini aralayan olaylar zinciri Frans\u0131z komutan Napolyon\u2019un M\u0131s\u0131r seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ordu m\u00fchendisi Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Bouchard\u2019n\u0131n kale in\u015fa ederken tesad\u00fcfen siyah ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ta\u015f bulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Granit ya da siyah bazalttan yap\u0131lan bu ta\u015f; 760 kg a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k, 114 cm uzunluk, 72 cm geni\u015flik, 28 cm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. Ta\u015f\u0131n gizemini \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgeye arkeologlar getirilse de hem ta\u015f hem de ta\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinde yazan metnin ne oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Ta\u015f\u0131n gizemi Kahire\u2019deki M\u0131s\u0131r Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6nemli bir dil bilimci sayesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
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2000 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 dile ait metinler vard\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r hiyeroglif yaz\u0131s\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r halk\u0131n\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerel bir dil olan demotik yaz\u0131s\u0131 ve eski Yunancan\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu ta\u015f; ancak bu ta\u015f bulundu\u011funda bir k\u0131sm\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131kt\u0131r. Ta\u015ftaki metinlerin 14 sat\u0131r\u0131 hiyeroglif, 32 sat\u0131r demotik, 53 sat\u0131r\u0131 da Antik Yunanca yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki metinleri Antik M\u0131s\u0131r biliminin babas\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan Frans\u0131z dil bilimci Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion \u00e7\u00f6zer. Champollion, P\u2019nin hiyeroglif yaz\u0131s\u0131nda bir kareyle simgelendi\u011fini fark etmi\u015f; L yerine yerde yatan bir aslan\u0131n, A harfi yerine de bir kartal\u0131n oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131ktan sonra binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r gizemini koruyan M\u0131s\u0131r hiyeroglifleri okuyarak \u00f6nemli bir ke\u015ffe imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131 asl\u0131nda M.\u00d6. 196\u2019da Firavun V. Ptolemaios\u2019in ta\u00e7 giyme t\u00f6reni i\u00e7in i\u015flenmi\u015f bir fermand\u0131r. Firavunun onuruna yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mesajda h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 insanlar ve rahipler i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm iyi \u015feyler anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; firavunun talimat\u0131yla bor\u00e7lar\u0131n affedildi\u011fi de tutuklular\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bu ta\u015fa i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131, kaybolmu\u015f daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dikili ta\u015f\u0131n sadece bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 par\u00e7a eksik oldu\u011fundan \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metinlerin hi\u00e7biri eksiksiz de\u011fildir. Frans\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ta\u015f, \u0130ngilizlerin eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve 1802’de Britanya M\u00fczesine getirilmi\u015ftir. M\u0131s\u0131r h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, tarihlerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan, atalar\u0131ndan miras Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iadesi i\u00e7in halen diplomatik m\u00fccadeleyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] 1798\u2019de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n kuzeyindeki Re\u015fid kentinde tesad\u00fcfen bulunan bir ta\u015f, Antik M\u0131s\u0131r medeniyetinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hiyeroglif dilini \u00e7\u00f6zmemizi sa\u011flad\u0131. Bulundu\u011fu kentin ismini alan Rosetta ya da Re\u015fid Ta\u015f\u0131, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r gizemini koruyan Firavunlar ve Antik M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda muazzam bilgilerin de kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralad\u0131. Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 hik\u00e2yesini yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyabilirsiniz. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”1#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”27856″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27855,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[3014,3015,3016,3017],"class_list":["post-27852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-antik-misirlilar","tag-firavunlar","tag-resid-tasi","tag-rosetta-tasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27852"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27852\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}