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Romantizm ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden olan Francisco Goya, resim ve grav\u00fcr sanat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli eserleri insanl\u0131k tarihine kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f bir sanat\u00e7\u0131. Saray ressam\u0131 olarak soylu isimlerin portrelerini \u00e7izen ancak bu \u00fcnvana ra\u011fmen yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 resimler sebebiyle engizisyon mahkemesine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan, d\u00f6neminin ilk modern ve ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ressam\u0131 Goya\u2019n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
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Tam ad\u0131 Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya y Lucientes olan ressam, 30 Mart 1746\u2019da \u0130spanya\u2019daki \u00f6zerk bir b\u00f6lge olan Aragon\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya gelir. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funu Zaragoza kentinde ge\u00e7iren sanat\u00e7\u0131, 10\u2019lu ya\u015flarda tezhip ustas\u0131 olan babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yald\u0131zc\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndan beri sanata ilgi duyan Goya, 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda Zaragoza \u00c7izim Akademisinde resim e\u011fitimi al\u0131r. 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Madrid seyahatinin ard\u0131ndan resimdeki \u00e7izgisi belirginle\u015fmeye ba\u015flar, portre eserleri ile dikkatleri \u00fczerine \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n
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Tarz olarak neoklasik resmin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden Alman ressam Mengs\u2019ten olduk\u00e7a etkilenen Goya\u2019n\u0131n feyz ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer isim ise Venedikli ressam ve grav\u00fcr sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Tiepolo olur. Madrid\u2019de bulundu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde San Fernando G\u00fczel Sanatlar Kraliyet Akademisi s\u0131navlar\u0131na giren sanat\u00e7\u0131, s\u0131navlarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamaz ancak sanat\u0131ndaki tekni\u011fi geli\u015ftirmek ve di\u011fer ressamlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in be\u015f sene Napoli, Roma ve Parma\u2019da gezinir, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n \u015fatafatl\u0131 sanat hayat\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olur. Parma\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir resim yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda da birincilik kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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\u0130talya gezisinden sonra \u00f6nce do\u011fdu\u011fu Zaragoza ard\u0131ndan da Madrid\u2019e giden sanat\u00e7\u0131, ressam arkada\u015f\u0131 Francisco Bayeu\u2019nun k\u0131z karde\u015fi Josefa Bayeu ile evlenir. Bu d\u00f6nemde eserlerinde \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130spanyol ressam Vel\u00e1zquez\u2019in etkisi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr h\u00e2le gelirken, Mengs\u2019in tarz\u0131ndan giderek uzakla\u015f\u0131r. 1775\u2019te Mengs\u2019in y\u00f6neticili\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kraliyete ait dokuma fabrikas\u0131nda tasar\u0131mlar ve resim taslaklar\u0131 haz\u0131rlar. 1780\u2019de kay\u0131nbiraderleri Bayeu karde\u015fler ile katedralleri s\u00fcslemeye ba\u015flayan Goya, sanat\u0131nda daha da ilerleyebilmek ad\u0131na daha \u00f6nce ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fu San Fernando Kraliyet G\u00fczel Sanatlar Akademisi s\u0131navlar\u0131na tekrar ba\u015fvurur.<\/p>\n
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1783\u2019te \u0130spanya Kral\u0131 III. Carlos\u2019un ba\u015fvekili Kont Jos\u00e9 de Monino\u2019nun portresini \u00e7izen Goya, 1786\u2019da hen\u00fcz 40 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken kraliyet ressaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na atan\u0131r. Goya, mevkisine ra\u011fmen s\u0131k\u00e7a disiplin sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015far. Akl\u0131na esti\u011fi gibi hareket etmekle \u00fcnlenen yetenekli ressam, saraydaki soylu isimlerin portresini \u00e7izerken hi\u00e7bir zaman dalkavukluk yapmaz, bu soylu isimleri tuvalinde g\u00fczelle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ekstra \u00e7aba harcamaz, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikten uzakla\u015fmaz.<\/p>\n
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1798\u2019de ba\u015flayan Frans\u0131z Devrimi sonras\u0131 \u0130spanyol Engizisyon Mahkemeleri daha s\u0131k\u0131 \u00f6nlemler al\u0131r ve bu durum saray ressam\u0131 olan Goya\u2019y\u0131 endi\u015felendirmeye ba\u015flar. Saraydan habersiz End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019e gitmek i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131kan ressam, 1792\u2019de talihsiz bir hastal\u0131k ge\u00e7irir ve duyma yetisini tamamen kaybeder. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan i\u00e7e d\u00f6n\u00fck ve karamsar bir ruh haline b\u00fcr\u00fcnen sanat\u00e7\u0131, eserlerinde insan kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiren ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir \u00fcslup ortaya koyar. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karamsarl\u0131k eserlerinde net bir \u015fekilde hissedilir, siyah rengi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar, kasvetli eserler \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
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1814\u2019te tekrar Madrid\u2019e d\u00f6nen Goya, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 resimlerden dolay\u0131 engizisyon mahkemesinde yarg\u0131lan\u0131r. Engizisyondan kurtulur ve 1819\u2019da Madrid\u2019in d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sakin bir kasabaya yerle\u015fir. \u201cSa\u011f\u0131r Adam\u0131n Evi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131r evinde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flayan sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n bu d\u00f6nem olgunluk y\u0131llar\u0131 olur. \u0130lgisini portre ve manzara resimlerinden ziyade ki\u015filerin i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r art\u0131k. Modelin rengi, duru\u015fu de\u011fil de ona hayat veren duygular\u0131 da g\u00f6rmeye, anlamaya ve resme d\u00f6kmeye ba\u015flar. D\u00f6neminin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan Goya, ard\u0131ndan gelecek olan Picasso, Bacon ve Manet gibi ressamlar\u0131 da derinden etkilemeyi ba\u015far\u0131r. \u0130yi bir g\u00f6zlem yetene\u011fine sahip olan ressam, insan duygular\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi analiz edip bu duygular\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karan portreleriyle t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00fcnlenir.<\/p>\n
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\u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kaos ortam\u0131nda can g\u00fcvenli\u011finden endi\u015fe eden sanat\u00e7\u0131, kapl\u0131calara gidece\u011fini bahane ederek Fransa\u2019ya yerle\u015fir. 16 Nisan 1828 tarihinde Fransa\u2019daki Bordeaux \u015fehrinde hayata veda eder. Geride be\u015f y\u00fcze yak\u0131n ya\u011fl\u0131 boya tablo ve fresko, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz kadar litograf ve y\u00fczlerce \u00e7izim b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Modern sanat\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Francisco Goya\u2019n\u0131n eserlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Madrid\u2019deki Museo del Prado\u2019da sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Romantizm ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden olan Francisco Goya, resim ve grav\u00fcr sanat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli eserleri insanl\u0131k tarihine kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f bir sanat\u00e7\u0131. Saray ressam\u0131 olarak soylu isimlerin portrelerini \u00e7izen ancak bu \u00fcnvana ra\u011fmen yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 resimler sebebiyle engizisyon mahkemesine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan, d\u00f6neminin ilk modern ve ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ressam\u0131 Goya\u2019n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyabilirsiniz. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”1#” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[2192,453,847,890,92],"class_list":["post-27037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-francisco-goya","tag-resim","tag-ressam","tag-romantizm","tag-sanat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27037"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27037\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}