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\u00c7evre dostu, masrafs\u0131z, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ula\u015f\u0131m arac\u0131 olan bisiklet; \u00e7ocukluktan yeti\u015fkinli\u011fe her d\u00f6nem hayat\u0131m\u0131zda\u2026 \u00c7ocukken e\u011flenmek, yeti\u015fkinlikte ula\u015f\u0131m arac\u0131 olarak, baz\u0131 durumlarda da spor olsun diye kullan\u0131lan bisikletin farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 modelleri bulunuyor. Da\u011f bisikleti, \u015fehir bisikleti, tandem gibi modelleri olan bisikletlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok mucit kafa yormu\u015f, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00e2lini almas\u0131 pek de kolay olmam\u0131\u015f. Kolay s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olan, hafif ve konforlu bisikletlerin \u00fcretilmesi i\u00e7in neredeyse iki y\u00fczy\u0131l u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bisikletin tarihini sizler i\u00e7in listeledik.<\/p>\n
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Bisikletin icad\u0131 konusunda tarih\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda tam bir fikir birli\u011fi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bisiklet i\u00e7in tek bir mucit taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmi\u015ftir demek do\u011fru olmayacakt\u0131r. Her tasar\u0131m\u0131n \u00fczerine yeni bir materyal koyarak bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz konforlu ve kolay s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131yan bisikletler \u00fcretilmi\u015f, farkl\u0131 mucitlerin \u00e7abalar\u0131yla bug\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00e2lini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131k\u00e7a bilinen bir yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 da s\u0131ras\u0131 gelmi\u015fken d\u00fczeltelim: Leonardo da Vinci\u2019ye ait oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen 1492 tarihli bir bisiklet karalamas\u0131n\u0131n, 1960’larda da Vinci\u2019nin 12 ciltlik \u00e7izimleri ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan Codex Atlanticus\u2019a sonradan eklenmi\u015f sahte bir \u00e7izim oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki tasar\u0131ma en yak\u0131n bisiklet ilk kez Fransa’da 1790\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Comte de Sivrac taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. \u201cCeleripede\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu bisiklet; iki tekerlek ve sert ah\u015fap \u00e7er\u00e7eveden olu\u015fuyor, pedal\u0131 bulunmuyordu. Pedals\u0131z olan bu bisikletin s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ise ayaklar\u0131n hareket ettirilmesiyle sa\u011flan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
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1817\u2019de Alman mucit Baron Karl Von, Sivrac\u2019\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi bisiklete bir gidon ve bir sele yerle\u015ftirerek \u201cdraisienne\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi bisikleti tasarlad\u0131. Ortalama 22 kg a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bu bisikletin demir tekerlekleri, ah\u015fap \u00e7er\u00e7evesi, jantlar\u0131 ve freni olsa da t\u0131pk\u0131 Sivrac\u2019\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi pedal\u0131 bulunmuyordu. Bu tasar\u0131m i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu demek yanl\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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1839\u2019da \u0130sko\u00e7 Kirkpatrick Macmillan, bisikletin g\u00f6be\u011fine demir \u00e7ubuklarla s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayacak olan pedallar\u0131 eklemeyi ak\u0131l etti ve \u00f6ncekilere g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kolay yol alabilen bir bisikleti \u00fcretmi\u015f oldu. S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler, krank miliyle \u00f6n tekerle\u011fe ba\u011flanan pedallar\u0131 aya\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6ne ve arkaya sallayarak sadece arka tekerle\u011fi hareket ettirebilir h\u00e2le geldi. Ancak bu bisikletin de a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve denge problemi vard\u0131. \u00d6nceki tasar\u0131mlara g\u00f6re daha kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olsa da yine de s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi zor bir model olan bu bisikletlere denge sa\u011flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ilerleyen y\u0131llarda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc tekerlek eklense de tekerleklerin s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme sorunu y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bu model de yayg\u0131nla\u015fmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
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1860\u2019larda Frans\u0131z Pierre Michaux, o\u011flu ile birlikte geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye de velespit olarak ge\u00e7en \u201cvelocipede\u201di tasarlad\u0131. Bu bisiklette pedallar \u00f6n tekerle\u011fe sabitti, bu sayede s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde pedal \u00e7evirebilir h\u00e2le geldi, s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f mesafesi uzad\u0131 ve h\u0131zland\u0131. Ancak a\u011f\u0131r demir iskeleti ve demir \u00e7er\u00e7eveli tekerlekleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bu model de yoldaki her \u00e7ukur ve t\u00fcmsekte sars\u0131l\u0131yor, konforlu bir s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f keyfi ya\u015fatm\u0131yordu. O d\u00f6nem bu bisiklet i\u00e7in \u201ckemik titreten\u201d diyenler bile oldu.<\/p>\n
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1868\u2019de Frans\u0131z Traffault, nihayet tekerlekleri kau\u00e7uktan \u00fcretme fikrini buldu ve tekerin tamam\u0131 kau\u00e7uk ile kaplanan bisiklet modeli ile daha kolay bir s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fe imk\u00e2n veren bisikletini tan\u0131tt\u0131. 1870\u2019lerde \u0130ngiliz James Starley daha h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket edebilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle \u00f6n tekerle\u011fi arka tekerle\u011fe oranla hayli b\u00fcy\u00fck olan bir bisiklet \u00fcretti. Olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6n tekerle\u011fi ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir arka tekerle\u011fi bulunan bu bisiklete d\u00f6nemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u0130ngiliz metal paralar\u0131na verilen isimden ilham al\u0131narak \u201cpenny farthing\u201d denildi. Herhangi bir kaza durumunda yaralanma riski hayli y\u00fcksek olan bu model de \u00e7ok tutmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan zincirli, gidonlu ve seleli bisiklet 1885\u2019te \u0130ngiliz John Kemp Starley taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretildi. Bu bisiklet \u201cvelocipede\u201de g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha rahat, \u00f6n tekerle\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck olan \u201cpenny farthing\u201de g\u00f6re ise daha h\u0131zl\u0131, g\u00fcvenli ve manevra kabiliyeti y\u00fcksek bir bisiklet oldu. H\u0131zla t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan bisikletin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde milyarlarca kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyor, baz\u0131 \u015fehirler bisiklet \u015fehri olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor. Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa faydalar\u0131 ve do\u011faya zarar vermemesi gibi konular bisikleti bildi\u011fimiz b\u00fct\u00fcn ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en masumu ve en faydal\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] \u00c7evre dostu, masrafs\u0131z, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ula\u015f\u0131m arac\u0131 olan bisiklet; \u00e7ocukluktan yeti\u015fkinli\u011fe her d\u00f6nem hayat\u0131m\u0131zda\u2026 \u00c7ocukken e\u011flenmek, yeti\u015fkinlikte ula\u015f\u0131m arac\u0131 olarak, baz\u0131 durumlarda da spor olsun diye kullan\u0131lan bisikletin farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 modelleri bulunuyor. Da\u011f bisikleti, \u015fehir bisikleti, tandem gibi modelleri olan bisikletlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok mucit kafa yormu\u015f, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00e2lini almas\u0131 pek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26722,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[269,2053,2054,2055,2056],"class_list":["post-26721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-bisiklet","tag-celeripede","tag-draisienne","tag-penny-farthing","tag-velocipede"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26721"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26721\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}