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Gazete; siyasal, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6geler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere insanlar\u0131, toplumu ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ilgilendiren konularla ilgili haber, bilgi, yorum i\u00e7eren ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak ya da k\u0131sa zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanan, belirli boyutu, sayfa say\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fczeni olan yay\u0131nlard\u0131r. Bir kitle ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 olarak insanlar\u0131n haber alma kayna\u011f\u0131 olan gazeteler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde eskisi kadar okunmasa da bir zamanlar insanlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bilgi edinme kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu. Teknoloji ve d\u00fcnya de\u011fi\u015ftik\u00e7e gazeteler de de\u011fi\u015fti. Bu s\u00fcreci yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
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\u0130lk gazete M.\u00d6. 59\u2019da Roma Senatosu taraf\u0131ndan insanlar\u0131 bilgilendirmek amac\u0131yla bas\u0131ld\u0131. 2 bin kopyaya sahip bu gazete, bildi\u011fimiz formattaki gazetelere hi\u00e7 benzemese de Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun h\u00fckmetti\u011fi \u015fehirlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan \u201cActa Diurna\u201d isimli bilgilendirme tabletleri, okuma bilen insanlar taraf\u0131ndan kent merkezine y\u00fcksek sesli okunarak, okuma bilmeyen insanlar\u0131n da fethedilen topraklar, toplumsal ve siyasi geli\u015fmeler ve gladyat\u00f6r d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015flerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bir kitle ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u201cActa Diurna\u201d gazeteyi \u00f6nc\u00fcllemi\u015f olsa da bildi\u011fimiz formattaki ilk gazete; 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, \u00c7in\u2019de Tang Hanedan\u0131 d\u00f6neminde bas\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130mparatorluk Saray\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan memurlar\u0131n abonesi oldu\u011fu, edit\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201cKaiyuan Za Boa\u201d isimli bu gazete, ipek k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar \u00fczerine elle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck politika ve yerel haberlere yer vermekteydi. Bu gazetelerin kopyalar\u0131 ta\u015fraya da g\u00f6nderilerek halk\u0131n da bilgi sahibi olmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
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\u00c7inlilerin icat etti\u011fi matbaan\u0131n 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019da da kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u201chaber k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131\u201d Alman prensliklerinde bulunan d\u00fckk\u00e2n, panay\u0131r ve pazar yerlerinde sunularak, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131n halka ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan burjuvalar\u0131n da bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131 olan bu haber k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131nda; kral\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, evlenmesi, \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmas\u0131, sava\u015flar ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar gibi haberler yaz\u0131yordu. Ayn\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde Avrupa\u2019daki haber k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131na benzer sistem, Japonya\u2019da da kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u201cKawara-ban\u201d isimli haber mektuplar\u0131nda genelde tek bir konu oluyor ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra resimler de bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n
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Matbaada bas\u0131lan ve \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131lan ilk gazeteler 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re 1609\u2019da Bremen yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan \u201cAvisa Relation oder Zeitung\u201d bug\u00fcnk\u00fc haliyle bildi\u011fimiz gazetelerin ilki olur. Ayn\u0131 sene yine Almanya Strasbourg\u2019da, \u201cRelation\u201d isimli gazete de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve giderek pop\u00fcler h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir. Sava\u015flar hakk\u0131nda bilgiler aktaran bu gazeteler, sermaye birikimi ve ticaretin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bas\u0131lan ilk gazetelere merkezi otoritenin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mutlak monar\u015filerden ziyade; birli\u011fi zay\u0131f olan, ticaretin geli\u015fmesi ile ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc artan merkezden uzak kentlerde daha \u00e7ok rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”4#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”26096″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00fcnya genelinde yay\u0131mlanan gazete say\u0131s\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise gazetecilik geli\u015ferek kurumsalla\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda gazetenin ve gazetecili\u011fin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftiren iki \u00f6nemli olay Amerikan Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali olmu\u015ftur. \u201cAmerikan Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Bildirgesi\u201d ve \u201c\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi\u201dnde bas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve tarafs\u0131z olmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc her iki bildirgede de yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir madde olarak yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak gazetenin k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015fmesi 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki \u201cSanayi Devrimi\u201dnden sonra olmu\u015ftur. Bilgi toplama merkezleri, uzak noktalara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, bask\u0131 teknolojilerinde geli\u015fmeler neticesinde, \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in art\u0131k yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7ten s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur: Bas\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc! 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen End\u00fcstri Devrimi\u2019nden sonra okuma yazma oran\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile gazeteler sadece se\u00e7kinlerin okudu\u011fu yay\u0131nlar olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitle gazetecili\u011fine ge\u00e7i\u015fle birlikte insanlar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekmek amac\u0131yla konu yelpazesi geni\u015flemi\u015f, farkl\u0131 alanlardan ve \u00fclkelerden de haberler i\u00e7eriklerde yer almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”5#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”26097″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle gazete, ard\u0131ndan dergi ve kitaplar h\u00e2kim kitle ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olurken, ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra ilk olarak radyo, sonras\u0131nda da televizyon bu ara\u00e7lara e\u015flik etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylelikle g\u00f6rsel medyan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne bir de i\u015fitsel medya eklenmi\u015ftir. Yine 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen iki b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen geleneksel gazetecili\u011fin h\u0131zla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine etki etmi\u015ftir. Gazete boyutlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, insanlar\u0131n kolayl\u0131kla ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi bir ebatta ve konu i\u00e7erikleri her kesime hitap edecek bir geni\u015flikte bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131k, spor, g\u00fczellik, haftal\u0131k bur\u00e7 yorumlar\u0131 gibi konulara da bu d\u00f6nemden sonra yer veren gazeteler g\u00f6rece \u00f6nemsiz kalan konular\u0131 da i\u015flemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”6#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”26098″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizdeki ilk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e gazete 11 Kas\u0131m 1831\u2019de, yani Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yay\u0131mlanan Takvim-i Vekayi olmu\u015ftur. Amac\u0131, devlet g\u00f6revlileri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Osmanl\u0131 yurtta\u015flar\u0131na ya\u015fanan olaylar hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermek ve devlet i\u015fleriyle ilgili duyurular\u0131 sa\u011flamak olan bu gazete, zaman i\u00e7inde de resm\u00ee gazete niteli\u011fi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak co\u011frafyam\u0131z\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fini ve \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek Takvim-i Vekayi\u2019den \u00f6nce, 1795\u2019te, Frans\u0131zca bas\u0131lan \u201cBulletin de Nouvelles\u201d yani \u201cHavadis B\u00fclteni\u201d \u00fclkemiz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yay\u0131mlanan ilk gazete olur. Frans\u0131z El\u00e7ili\u011fi\u2019nin bas\u0131mevi taraf\u0131ndan, 6-7 sayfa halinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bu gazetenin temel amac\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ya\u015fayan Frans\u0131zlara Frans\u0131z Devrimi ve bu devrimin getirdi\u011fi yeni politik fikirler hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermektir. 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise sadece \u00fclkemizde de\u011fil t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada internetin hayatlar\u0131m\u0131za girmesiyle gazetecilik de dijitalle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llara kadar her eve giren gazeteler, internet ve benzeri yeni ileti\u015fim teknolojileri sayesinde yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 internet ya da telefon uygulamalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden de sa\u011flamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, insanlar da gazete sat\u0131n almak yerine internet \u00fczerinden g\u00fcndemi takip eder olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Gazete; siyasal, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6geler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere insanlar\u0131, toplumu ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ilgilendiren konularla ilgili haber, bilgi, yorum i\u00e7eren ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak ya da k\u0131sa zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanan, belirli boyutu, sayfa say\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fczeni olan yay\u0131nlard\u0131r. Bir kitle ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 olarak insanlar\u0131n haber alma kayna\u011f\u0131 olan gazeteler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde eskisi kadar okunmasa da bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1432,1433,1434],"class_list":["post-26091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-gazete","tag-gazetenin-tarihi","tag-iletisim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26091","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26091"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26091\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}