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Amerikal\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Jack London, \u00f6zellikle yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 hik\u00e2yeleri ile tan\u0131nan bir yazar. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi ya\u015fam hik\u00e2yeleri ile harmanlayarak okuyuculara sunan London, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi ve manevi zorluklar\u0131 yazarak a\u015fm\u0131\u015f, hayat\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc edebi eserlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f usta bir kalem. London\u2019\u0131n eserlerini okurken asl\u0131nda bir \u00fclkenin bir d\u00f6nemine \u015fahitlik ederiz. \u201cVah\u015fetin \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131\u201d, \u201cBeyaz Di\u015f\u201d ve \u201cMartin Eden\u201d gibi eserleri ile edebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131na say\u0131l\u0131 eserler kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f London\u2019\u0131n zorlu ge\u00e7en hayat hik\u00e2yesini yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
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12 Ocak 1876\u2019da San Francisco\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya gelen ve tam ismi \u201cJohn Griffith Chaney\u201d olan Jack London\u2019\u0131n annesi m\u00fczik \u00f6\u011fretmeni, babas\u0131 ise o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in enteresan bir meslek olan astrologdur. Annesi ve babas\u0131 resm\u00ee olarak evli olmayan London, annesinin do\u011fumdan sonra ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 psikolojik sorunlar nedeniyle bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in eski bir k\u00f6le olan Virginia Prentiss\u2019e emanet edilir. Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir bebekken bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenen bu Afrika k\u00f6kenli bak\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n Jack London\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yeri olur. Sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 atlatt\u0131ktan sonra minik bebe\u011fini himayesine alan anne Flora, Amerikan \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 gazisi John London ile evlenir ve birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flarlar. Evde isimlerin kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bebek John\u2019un ismi Jack olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Bu d\u00f6nem iki k\u0131z karde\u015fi d\u00fcnyaya gelir.<\/p>\n
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Yerel k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde kitap okuyarak kendini geli\u015ftiren London, bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerden birinde okudu\u011fu Ouida\u2019ya ait, e\u011fitimsiz bir \u0130talyan k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00e7ocu\u011fun opera bestecisi olarak \u00fcn salmas\u0131n\u0131 anlatan kitab\u0131 \u201cSigna\u201ddan \u00e7ok etkilenir. Kendi hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bu kitaptan ilham alan gen\u00e7 London, 1889\u2019da, g\u00fcnde 12 saatten fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konserve fabrikas\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in s\u00fct annesinden bor\u00e7 para al\u0131r. Bu para ile eski durumda olan, iki direkli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir istiridye teknesi sat\u0131n alan London, bir s\u00fcre denizlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ancak \u00e7ok de\u011fil birka\u00e7 ay sonra bu hayali de suya d\u00fc\u015fer. Yelkenlisinin tamir edilemeyecek d\u00fczeyde hasar almas\u0131ndan sonra \u2018Kaliforniya Bal\u0131k Devriyesi\u2019ne kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilerleyen y\u0131llarda \u201c\u0130stridye Korsanlar\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Bir s\u00fcre bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 teknelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve Japonya sahillerine kadar giden London, 1893\u2019teki ekonomik krizden, \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki i\u00e7 huzursuzluklardan ve en \u00f6nemlisi a\u011f\u0131r i\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 art\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Sokaklarda ya\u015fayan ve zor g\u00fcnler ge\u00e7iren London, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir olay y\u00fcz\u00fcnden 30 g\u00fcn hapis yatar ve ileride hapishanede ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bu zamanlar\u0131 \u201cYol\u201d kitab\u0131nda anlat\u0131r. Denizcilikten ve serserilikten iki kitap \u00e7\u0131karan London, bir s\u00fcre sonra Oakland\u2019da lise e\u011fitimine ba\u015flar. Okul gazetesinde yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131mlanan gen\u00e7 yazar\u0131n \u201cJaponya K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Vuran Tayfun\u201d hik\u00e2yesi, denizcilik deneyimlerinin \u00e2deta meyvesi olur. Berkeley \u00dcniversitesinde e\u011fitim almay\u0131 \u00e7ok isteyen yazar, bir senesini \u00e7ok\u00e7a ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ge\u00e7irir ve istedi\u011fi okula girmeyi ba\u015far\u0131r. Ancak ekonomik nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc hi\u00e7bir zaman mezun olamaz.<\/p>\n
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1897\u2019de para kazanmak amac\u0131yla kay\u0131nbiraderi ile alt\u0131n av\u0131na ba\u015flayan Jack London, alt\u0131n madenleri ile \u00fcnl\u00fc Kanada\u2019daki Klondayk\u2019a gider. \u0130lk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fclerini burada kaleme almaya ba\u015flayan London\u2019a, ne yaz\u0131k ki Klondayk sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 \u015fans\u0131 getirmez. Alt\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan pek \u00e7ok madenci gibi iskorb\u00fct hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanan London, d\u00f6rt di\u015fini kaybeder, derin fiziksel ac\u0131lar \u00e7eker. Bir cizvit papaz\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tekrar kavu\u015fan London\u2019\u0131n bu ac\u0131 dolu an\u0131lar\u0131 \u201cAte\u015f Yakmak\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde de anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir sene sonra tekrar Okland\u2019a d\u00f6nen yazar i\u00e7in art\u0131k yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 bast\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flar. Bu m\u00fccadelesi ise London\u2019\u0131n en etkileyici eserlerinden olan \u201cMartin Eden\u201d kitab\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Jack London\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131mlanan ilk \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc \u201cYoldaki Adam\u201d olur. Yay\u0131nevinin yazara be\u015f dolar \u00f6demesi neredeyse hayalini kurdu\u011fu yazarl\u0131k kariyerinden vazge\u00e7mesine sebep olacakken, o d\u00f6nem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli dergi \u00fcretimine olanak veren yeni bas\u0131m teknolojilerinin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla ve bu dergilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rmesiyle \u201cVah\u015fetin \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131\u201d hik\u00e2yesi i\u00e7in 40 dolar \u00f6deme al\u0131r ve mesle\u011fine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 tutunur. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren yazarl\u0131ktan ciddi paralar kazanmaya ba\u015flayan London, kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralar ile 15 bin kitaptan olu\u015fan bir kitapl\u0131k olu\u015fturur. Yazmak kadar okumaktan da keyif alan London, 1900’de, \u201cKurdun O\u011flu\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn, Bess Maddern ile evlenir. \u0130ki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olan \u00e7ift, evliliklerinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda bo\u015fan\u0131r ve London, bir sene sonra ikinci evlili\u011fini yapar. 1910\u2019da \u00fccra bir noktada \u00e7iftlik hayat\u0131 ya\u015famaya ba\u015flayan yazar, kitaplar\u0131ndan elde etti\u011fi kazanc\u0131 \u00e7iftli\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fctmek ve \u00e7iftli\u011fin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Kariyeri boyunca bir\u00e7ok kez intihalle su\u00e7lanan Jack London, gazete haberlerinden ve okudu\u011fu kitaplardan ilham ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman inkar etmez. Dostuna yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektupta \u201c\u0130fade etmek icat etmekten daha kolayd\u0131r\u2026\u201d diyen London, 22 Kas\u0131m 1916\u2019da \u00e7iftli\u011finde hayata veda eder. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc, ya\u015fam\u0131 kadar sansasyonel olur. Kimi kaynaklarda \u00fcremi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilirken kimi kaynaklarda da intihar etti\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Jack London\u2019\u0131n k\u00fclleri, Kaliforniya\u2019da bulunan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201cJack London Devlet Tarih Park\u0131\u201d olarak an\u0131lan \u00e7iftli\u011fine g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7ok sade olan mezar\u0131 \u00e7itlerle \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr ve sadece yosun tutmu\u015f bir kaya par\u00e7as\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Amerikal\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Jack London, \u00f6zellikle yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 hik\u00e2yeleri ile tan\u0131nan bir yazar. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi ya\u015fam hik\u00e2yeleri ile harmanlayarak okuyuculara sunan London, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi ve manevi zorluklar\u0131 yazarak a\u015fm\u0131\u015f, hayat\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc edebi eserlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f usta bir kalem. London\u2019\u0131n eserlerini okurken asl\u0131nda bir \u00fclkenin bir d\u00f6nemine \u015fahitlik ederiz. \u201cVah\u015fetin \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131\u201d, \u201cBeyaz […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1481,1482,266,1483,1484,340],"class_list":["post-26067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-beyaz-dis","tag-jack-london","tag-kitap","tag-martin-eden","tag-vahsetin-cagrisi","tag-yazar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26067"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26067\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}