[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u0131p bilimi bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fhis ve tedavisinde ileri teknolojilerden faydalanarak insano\u011flunun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmesine olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Ancak birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar insan bedeni uzay\u0131n derinlikleri kadar gizemliydi. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan optik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ile geli\u015ftirilen mercekler hem uzay\u0131n derinliklerini hem de bedenimizin alt\u0131ndaki evreni ke\u015ffetmemizi sa\u011flad\u0131. Teleskoba tak\u0131lan mercekler uzaklar\u0131, mikroskoplara tak\u0131lan mercekler ise g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen g\u00f6remediklerimizi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr h\u00e2le getirdi. Mikro d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lan mikroskoplar\u0131n nas\u0131l icat edildi\u011fini yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyabilirsiniz.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”1#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25939″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]Antik Romal\u0131lar, kenarlar\u0131 ince ortas\u0131 kal\u0131n bir cam par\u00e7as\u0131 ile bir nesneye bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, o nesnenin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6z\u00fckt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc fark ettiler. San\u0131yoruz ki bu cam, mikroskop fikrinin tohumunun at\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep oldu ancak bildi\u011fimiz formuyla ilk mercek, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda g\u00f6zl\u00fcklerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcretildi ve mikroskopla ilgili ilk somut ad\u0131mlar bu d\u00f6nemde filizlendi. Zaten merceklerin mikroskop yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi fikrini ilk ortaya atan da yine bir g\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00fcreticisi oldu. Hollandal\u0131 Hans Janssen ve o\u011flu Zacharias Janssen, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda tek bir merce\u011fin nesneleri daha b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6stermesi durumuna yeni bir fikir daha ekleyerek bir t\u00fcp\u00fcn i\u00e7erisine iki adet mercek yerle\u015ftirdi ve t\u00fcp\u00fcn ucundaki nesnenin 10 kat daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu fark edildi. B\u00f6ylelikle tarihte bilinen ilk optik mikroskop icat edilmi\u015f oldu.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”2#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25940″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]1610\u2019da \u0130talyan Galileo Galilei uzay\u0131n derinliklerini incelemek i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi teleskobun merce\u011fini bir t\u00fcp i\u00e7erisinde seri olarak yerle\u015ftirerek b\u00f6ceklerin bacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6zlerini g\u00f6zlemledi. Ancak mikroskop ile ilgili daha somut \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 1660\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u0130ngiliz Robert Hooke, Janssen ailesinin bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce icat etti\u011fi optik mikroskobu Londral\u0131 bir enstr\u00fcman yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olan Christopher Cock ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi ve yeni mikroskobu ile binlerce nesne ve canl\u0131y\u0131 inceleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu. \u0130lk kez kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu mikro d\u00fcnyadan olduk\u00e7a etkilenen Hooke, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tuhaf ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u201cMicrograpia\u201d isimli eserini 1665\u2019te yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Bu kitapta bir mantar t\u00fcr\u00fcnde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bo\u015f odac\u0131klara \u201ch\u00fccre\u201d ismini vererek, biyoloji literat\u00fcr\u00fcne yeni bir terim de kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oldu.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”3#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25941″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]Hooke\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bir hayli etkilenen Hollandal\u0131 Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1670\u2019te kendi merce\u011fini geli\u015ftirerek nesneleri 270 kat b\u00fcy\u00fcten bir mikroskop \u00fcretti. H\u00fccrenin ke\u015ffinden sonra yeni mikroskobu ile Hooke, kendi di\u015finden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri inceleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu ve b\u00f6ylelikle di\u015f minesinde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cmikroorganizmalar\u201d\u0131 ke\u015ffetti. Hook\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan 200 y\u0131l kadar sonra 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Louis Pasteur hasta hayvanlardaki bakteriler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken mikroskoptan faydaland\u0131 ve bu sayede mikroorganizmalar\u0131n hastal\u0131klara neden oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi t\u0131p alan\u0131nda bir devrim yaratt\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulan Pasteur, mikrobiyoloji alan\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc oldu.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”4#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25942″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Alman fizik\u00e7i Ernst Ruska taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen elektron mikroskobunda \u0131\u015f\u0131k yerine elektron demeti kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu mikroskop, bir milimetrenin d\u00f6rt milyonda biri b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki nesneleri alg\u0131lay\u0131p ve bunlar\u0131 neredeyse 1 milyon kez b\u00fcy\u00fctebiliyor. 1980\u2019lere gelindi\u011finde ise Alman bilim insanlar\u0131 Gerd Binnig ve Heinrich Rohrer, taramal\u0131 t\u00fcnelleme mikroskobu geli\u015ftirdi. Bilgisayarla kontrol edilen bu mikroskoplarda incelenen y\u00fczeyin \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131na birka\u00e7 atom b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir i\u011fne ucu getiriliyor ve bu u\u00e7la y\u00fczey aras\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir elektrik potansiyeli uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda aralar\u0131ndan elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor. Taramal\u0131 t\u00fcnelleme mikroskoplar\u0131 \u00f6rneklerin atom \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesine de imk\u00e2n veriyor. Bug\u00fcn kullan\u0131lan optik mikroskoplar ise g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc bin kat, daha ileri teknolojilere sahip mikroskoplar ise 2 bin kat b\u00fcy\u00fctebilmektedir.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u0131p bilimi bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fhis ve tedavisinde ileri teknolojilerden faydalanarak insano\u011flunun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmesine olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Ancak birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar insan bedeni uzay\u0131n derinlikleri kadar gizemliydi. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan optik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ile geli\u015ftirilen mercekler hem uzay\u0131n derinliklerini hem de bedenimizin alt\u0131ndaki evreni ke\u015ffetmemizi sa\u011flad\u0131. Teleskoba tak\u0131lan mercekler uzaklar\u0131, mikroskoplara tak\u0131lan mercekler ise […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25938,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[125],"tags":[2759,869,2760],"class_list":["post-25937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-teknoloji","tag-mikroskop","tag-teknoloji","tag-tip-bilimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25937"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25937\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}