[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Yaz\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131ndan sonra insano\u011flunun edindi\u011fi bilgileri bir sonraki ku\u015fa\u011fa aktarma becerisi, in\u015fa etti\u011fimiz medeniyetin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn alt\u0131n anahtar\u0131 oldu. Bilinen en eski yaz\u0131 bi\u00e7imi olan \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden \u00fc\u00e7 bin y\u0131ldan uzun bir zaman ge\u00e7ti ve yaz\u0131 da t\u0131pk\u0131 gezegenimizdeki di\u011fer her \u015fey gibi de\u011fi\u015fti ve geli\u015fti. Bilginin depolanmas\u0131 ile toplumlar\u0131n ve bireylerin yeni bilgi aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 ansiklopedilerin do\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Ansiklopedi, di\u011fer bir ismi ile \u201cbilgilik\u201d olarak an\u0131ld\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok kavram\u0131n sistematik ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla alfabetik s\u0131ra ile d\u00fczenlenmesiyle elde edilen tarafs\u0131z bilgi kaynaklar\u0131 olarak hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yerini ald\u0131. Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda bu de\u011ferli hazinelerin yani ansiklopedinin tarihsel geli\u015fimini listeledik.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”1#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25822″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]Tarih boyunca bilgi eri\u015fiminde en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda olan ansiklopediler, Yunanca \u201cenkyklios paideia\u201ddan gelir ve \u201cbilgi dairesi, bilgi \u00e7emberi\u201d anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Bilinen ilk ansiklopedi giri\u015fimi, M.\u00d6. 338\u2019de \u00f6len Platon\u2019un ye\u011feni Speusippus taraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6nemin pop\u00fcler g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc haline gelen Platon ve Aristoteles\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 felsefe, matematik ve tarih ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda kategorize ederek haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 serilerden hareketle olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Ansiklopedi kelimesini ise ilk kullanan M.S. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Romal\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc hatip Marcus Fabius Quantilianus olmu\u015ftur.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”2#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25823″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]Roma d\u00f6neminde bilgileri belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131ran ve okunabilir h\u00e2le getiren kaynak kitaplar, mevcut bilgilerin o g\u00fcne nas\u0131l ula\u015fabildi\u011finden ziyade, bilgiyi genel olarak ele al\u0131p bilginin do\u011fas\u0131 ve do\u011frulu\u011funu inceleyen yap\u0131larda olmu\u015ftur. M.S. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7in\u2019de imparatorluk emriyle haz\u0131rlanan \u201cHuang lan\u201d isimli bir ansiklopedi, \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklarda ge\u00e7se de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine M.S. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bizans \u0130mparatoru VIII. Constantin zaman\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen isimlerine \u201cExcerpta Peiresciana\u201d ve \u201cExcerpta Historia\u201d isimli el yazmas\u0131 eserler haz\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015f ve bu eserler Roma tarihindeki g\u00f6\u00e7leri ve sava\u015flar\u0131 detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde ar\u015fivleyen eserler olarak ansiklopedileri \u00f6nc\u00fclemi\u015ftir.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”3#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25824″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]10. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli ansiklopedi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. El- B\u00eer\u00fbn\u00ee, \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019n-Nedim, H\u00e2rizm\u00ee ve F\u00e2r\u00e2b\u00ee taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan eserler, ileride Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n da kaynak eserleri olmu\u015f, Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin Hint, Yunan ve S\u00fcryani tabiplerinden derledi\u011fi t\u0131p ansiklopedileri 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada t\u0131bb\u0131n otoritesi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyadaki ilk ansiklopedi H\u0131rvat Paul Skalich taraf\u0131ndan 1559\u2019da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. R\u00f6nesans h\u00fcmanisti olan Skalich, \u201cEncyclopaedia Seu Orbis Disciplinarum\u201d isimli ansiklopedisinde belirli bilgiler konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lsa da ilk alfabetik s\u0131ralamaya sahip ansiklopedi \u201cDictionnaire Universel\u201d 1690\u2019da Frans\u0131z bilim insan\u0131 ve yazar Antoine Fureti\u00e8re taraf\u0131ndan Paris\u2019te yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”4#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25825″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]\u0130ngiliz dilindeki ilk ansiklopedi 1704\u2019te Londra\u2019da John Harris taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131lan \u201cLexicon Technicum\u201d olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde, fasik\u00fcl olarak yay\u0131mlanan ilk ansiklopedi ise Leipzig\u2019de 1731-1750 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Johann Zelder y\u00f6netiminde haz\u0131rlanan 64 ciltlik \u201cUniversal Lexicon\u201d olmu\u015ftur. Bu tarihten sonra ansiklopedi konusunda Amerika, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, Avustralya ve \u0130talya gibi \u00fclkeler konuyu olduk\u00e7a ciddiye alm\u0131\u015f, herkes\u00e7e bilinir h\u00e2le gelen ansiklopediler derlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ansiklopedi, Ahmet R\u0131fat Efendi\u2019nin derledi\u011fi \u201cLug\u00e2t-\u0131 Tarihiyye ve Co\u011frafiyye\u201ddir. Bu eserde d\u00f6nemin \u00fcnl\u00fc insanlar\u0131 ve hayatlar\u0131, \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131, tarih boyunca kurulmu\u015f devletler ile belli ba\u015fl\u0131 \u015fehirlerin tarihi ve co\u011frafyalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda alfabetik s\u0131raya al\u0131nan bilgiler haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fen bilimleri ve di\u011fer bilim dallar\u0131 ile ilgili pek fazla bilgi i\u00e7ermemesinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, \u015eemseddin S\u00e2mi taraf\u0131ndan 1899\u2019da alt\u0131 cilt olarak yay\u0131mlanan ansiklopedi, eksiksiz ilk T\u00fcrk ansiklopedisi olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de bu ansiklopediden \u00f6vg\u00fcyle bahsetmi\u015ftir.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”5#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25826″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]\u00dclkemizde hemen hemen her evin k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bulunan \u201cMeydan Larousse: B\u00fcy\u00fck Lugat ve Ansiklopedisi\u201d 1969-1973 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 12 cilt halinde yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, sonraki y\u0131llarda iki cilt daha eklenmi\u015ftir. Hakk\u0131 Devrim, Sefa K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7l\u0131o\u011flu ve Nezihe Araz\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131nc\u0131 oldu\u011fu bu ansiklopedi i\u00e7in 200\u2019e yak\u0131n yazar g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Frans\u0131z \u201cGrand Larousse Encyclopedique\u201dun esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Meydan Larousse\u2019u, 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda gazeteler kupon kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fclkemizde hemen hemen herkesin ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu kaynak eser olmu\u015ftur. Art\u0131k internet eri\u015fimine sahip olan insanlar bilgiye \u00e7ok daha kolay eri\u015febilmektedir. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda hayat\u0131m\u0131za giren internetten sonra bilgiler ve ansiklopediler dijital ortamlarda ar\u015fivlenerek halka sunulmu\u015ftur. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fu 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara denk gelen ku\u015fak \u00e7ok iyi hat\u0131rlayacakt\u0131r, ekonomik geliri ya da e\u011fitim seviyesi ne olursa olsun eskiden t\u00fcm evlerde bu ansiklopediler evlerin vitrininde ya da kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer almaktayd\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201cWikipedia\u201d ve \u201cBritannica\u201d gibi \u00f6nemli web ansiklopedileri olmakla beraber, bir\u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli \u00fcniversitenin de ar\u015fivleri dijitalle\u015fmi\u015f ve internet kullanan herkesin eri\u015febildi\u011fi kaynaklar haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Yaz\u0131n\u0131n icad\u0131ndan sonra insano\u011flunun edindi\u011fi bilgileri bir sonraki ku\u015fa\u011fa aktarma becerisi, in\u015fa etti\u011fimiz medeniyetin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn alt\u0131n anahtar\u0131 oldu. Bilinen en eski yaz\u0131 bi\u00e7imi olan \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden \u00fc\u00e7 bin y\u0131ldan uzun bir zaman ge\u00e7ti ve yaz\u0131 da t\u0131pk\u0131 gezegenimizdeki di\u011fer her \u015fey gibi de\u011fi\u015fti ve geli\u015fti. Bilginin depolanmas\u0131 ile toplumlar\u0131n ve bireylerin yeni bilgi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25821,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1422,1423,1424],"class_list":["post-25820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-ansiklopedi","tag-bilgilik","tag-kaynak"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25820"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25820\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}