{"id":25772,"date":"2024-12-17T11:40:48","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T08:40:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kulturveyasam.com\/?p=25772"},"modified":"2024-12-17T11:40:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T08:40:48","slug":"baskentler-serisi-roma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/?p=25772","title":{"rendered":"BA\u015eKENTLER SER\u0130S\u0130: ROMA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Ufak bir kom\u00fcnden, yakla\u015f\u0131k 4.3 milyona ula\u015fan n\u00fcfusuyla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kentlerinden biri h\u00e2line gelen Roma hem bir inan\u00e7 hem de bir sanat \u015fehri&#8230; Tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve antik yap\u0131lar\u0131yla \u00fcn salan \u015fehrin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve do\u011fal zenginlikleri, bu \u015fehri g\u00f6ren herkesi kendine hayran b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Orta \u00c7a\u011f ve R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6nemine ait eserlerin \u00e7ok iyi korundu\u011fu Roma\u2019da, farkl\u0131 sanat ak\u0131mlar\u0131 da tarih boyunca \u015fekillenme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015f. \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n en kalabal\u0131k ve y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri olan Roma, Papal\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkezi Vatikan\u2019\u0131n da bu yerde olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u201ciki \u015fehrin ba\u015fkenti\u201d unvan\u0131na sahip. Akdeniz ikliminin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu kent, Tiren Denizi\u2019ne yak\u0131n bir konumda Tiber Irma\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki Lazio B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde yer al\u0131yor. Her soka\u011f\u0131nda ve her k\u00f6\u015fesinde tarihten bir par\u00e7a ve mimari \u015faheserleri g\u00f6rebilece\u011finiz Roma\u2019n\u0131n ikonik mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 listeledik.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;1#&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;25774&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]Flavium Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 orijinal ad\u0131 \u201cAmphitheatrum Flavium\u201d olsa da t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya bu mek\u00e2n\u0131 Kolezyum olarak biliyor. Usta bir komutan olan Vespasianus taraf\u0131ndan M.S. 72\u2019de yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanan amfitiyatro, M.S. 80\u2019de Titus d\u00f6neminde tamamlan\u0131r. Depremde zarar g\u00f6rmesine ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnyada en iyi korunan tarihi mek\u00e2nlardan biri olan Kolezyum\u2019un yap\u0131m\u0131nda; traverten kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131, volkanik kaya olan t\u00fcf ve tu\u011fla kapl\u0131 beton kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 50 bin ile 80 bin aras\u0131nda seyirci kapasitesi olan tiyatroda Roma halk\u0131n\u0131n e\u011flenmesi i\u00e7in gladyat\u00f6r d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fczenlenir. 2007\u2019de UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n Yedi Harikas\u0131\u2019ndan biri olarak se\u00e7ilen tiyatroda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Paskalya d\u00f6neminde cuma g\u00fcnleri Papa taraf\u0131ndan fener alay\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmektedir.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;2#&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;25775&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]Aziz Petrus Bazilikas\u0131 veya di\u011fer bir ismiyle San Pietro Bazilikas\u0131 in\u015faat\u0131na 1506\u2019da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve bir y\u00fczy\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcrerek 1626\u2019da tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mimar\u0131 r\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminin \u00fcnl\u00fc ressam, heykelt\u0131ra\u015f, mimar ve \u015fairi olan Michelangelo\u2019dur. Yap\u0131 tamamlanmadan hayata veda eden Michelangelo, kendisinden sonra g\u00f6revi devralan mimarlara yap\u0131y\u0131 neredeyse tamamlayarak devretmi\u015f ve Roma\u2019n\u0131n sil\u00fcetine \u00f6nemli bir yap\u0131y\u0131 miras b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Katolik inanc\u0131n\u0131n merkezi olan Aziz Petrus Bazilikas\u0131 \u015fehrin en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6rt bazilikas\u0131ndan biridir. 23.000 m\u00b2 alan \u00fczerine kurulu, 222 metrelik devasa boyutlara sahip olan yap\u0131, 60.000 ki\u015filik kapasitesiyle de Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kilisesi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;3#&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;25776&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]1723 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flanan ve 1726\u2019da tamamlanan \u0130spanyol Merdivenleri, 135 basamaktan olu\u015fur. Turistlerin en \u00e7ok ziyaret etti\u011fi mek\u00e2nlardan biri olan merdivenlerin \u0130spanyol Merdivenleri olarak an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi \u0130spanyol El\u00e7ili\u011finin bu alanda olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Olduk\u00e7a pop\u00fcler ve kalabal\u0131k olan bu meydanda merdivenlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Trinit\u00e0 dei Monti Kilisesi ile kay\u0131k \u015feklindeki Fontana della Barcaccia \u00c7e\u015fmesi yer al\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en uzun ve en geni\u015f merdivenleri olarak \u00fcn salan mek\u00e2n hem g\u00fcnd\u00fcz hem gece y\u00fczlerce insan\u0131n sosyalle\u015fti\u011fi bir nokta.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;4#&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;25777&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]<span lang=\"tr\">Halk Meydan\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen Popolo Meydan\u0131, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6zel mek\u00e2nlar\u0131ndan biri olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli kutlamalara ve konserlere ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. Tarihi bir tramvay ile meydanda tur atmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Restoranlar\u0131yla, sokak sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131yla, kafeleriyle \u00e7ok renkli ve enerjik bir atmosfere sahip meydan, Roma\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli kilisesinin tam ortas\u0131nda bulunur. Meydan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda ise b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dikilita\u015f ve kuzey taraf\u0131nda pop\u00fcler bir kap\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu \u00fcnl\u00fc kap\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 Porta del Popolo\u2019dur. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck kap\u0131, Roma\u2019ya \u00f6nemli eserler katan Mimar Bernini taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her yerden g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve meydanla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen dikilita\u015f\u0131n 1300 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Milattan \u00f6nce M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in dikilen bu ta\u015f Roma\u2019ya sonradan ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarihi \u00e7e\u015fmeleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fc Roma\u2019daki Popolo Meydan\u0131\u2019nda da bir\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fme bulunmaktad\u0131r. En \u00e7ok ilgi g\u00f6renler ise Roma Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 olan Nept\u00fcn \u00c7e\u015fmesi\u2019dir. Leonardo da Vinci\u2019nin m\u00fczesi de bu meydandad\u0131r.<br \/>\n<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;5#&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;25778&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]Vatikan\u2019daki Sistina \u015eapeli\u2019ni de yapt\u0131ran Papa IV. Sixtus\u2019tun halka hediye etti\u011fi bronz heykellerin sergilenmesi i\u00e7in 1471\u2019de kurulan m\u00fcze, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en geni\u015f ve se\u00e7kin eserlerine sahip m\u00fczelerinden biridir. M\u00fcze, Palazzo dei Conservatori ve Palazzo Nuovo olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan iki ayr\u0131 binadan olu\u015fur. Palazzo dei Conservatori binas\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok bronz heykel bulunurken merkez noktas\u0131nda Marcus Aurelius\u2019un atl\u0131 heykeli yer al\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Palazzo dei Conservatori; Capitoline Wolf\u2019un orjinal heykeline ve ilk insan heykeli olan Ritratto di Carlo I d\u2019Angi\u00f2 de Arnolfo di Cambio\u2019na ev sahipli\u011fi yapar. Binan\u0131n en dikkat \u00e7eken yanlar\u0131ndan biri ise camla kapl\u0131 kapal\u0131 salonudur. Palazzo Nuovo binas\u0131 ise Kapitolin M\u00fczesi\u2019nin heykeller, mozaikler ve b\u00fcstlerin sergilendi\u011fi di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan koleksiyonlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, Yunan orijinallerinin Roma replikalar\u0131d\u0131r. M.S. 100 ile 150 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tasarlanm\u0131\u015f Capitoline Ven\u00fcs ve Discobolus ile \u00d6len Galyal\u0131 Heykeli, sergilenen eserler aras\u0131nda en dikkat \u00e7ekici olanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda binada, Yunan ve Roma filozoflar\u0131n\u0131n birbirinden etkileyici b\u00fcstleri de yer al\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;6#&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;25779&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda papan\u0131n r\u00fcyas\u0131nda Meryem Ana\u2019y\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi \u00fczerine in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flanan yap\u0131, Roma\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bazilikalar\u0131ndan biri olarak hem turistleri hem de ibadet etmek isteyen Hristiyanlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rlar. Efsaneye g\u00f6re papan\u0131n r\u00fcyas\u0131na giren Bakire Meryem, papadan yeni bir kilise in\u015fa etmesini ve kilisenin in\u015fa edilmesini istedi\u011fi yeri bir sonraki g\u00fcn karla i\u015faretleyece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Ertesi g\u00fcn Esquiline Tepesi\u2019ne ya\u011fan kardan sonra, bu tepenin en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131na Santa Maria Maggiore Bazilikas\u0131 in\u015fa edilir ve bu yap\u0131 Roma\u2019da bulunan Meryem Ana\u2019ya adanm\u0131\u015f seksen Mary kilisesinin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olur. Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Kibele\u2019ye adanm\u0131\u015f bir pagan tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen Bazilika, Meryem\u2019in ger\u00e7ekten Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n annesi oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen 431\u2019de Efes Konsili\u2019nden hemen sonra 432\u2019de kurulur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde her 5 A\u011fustos\u2019ta, kar mucizesi canland\u0131r\u0131larak bazilikan\u0131n tepesinden beyaz \u00e7i\u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n havaya sal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir kutlama yap\u0131lmakta ve ziyaret\u00e7i ak\u0131n\u0131na u\u011framaktad\u0131r. Tarihin farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerine ait farkl\u0131 mimar\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n bir arada bulundu\u011fu bazilikan\u0131n kubbe ve \u015fapellerinde barok tarz hakimken, tavan s\u00fcslemeleri R\u00f6nesans etkisi alt\u0131nda ve \u0130spanya Krali\u00e7esi Isabella\u2019n\u0131n papaya arma\u011fan etti\u011fi alt\u0131n yald\u0131zlarla kapl\u0131d\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8221;innerItemContainer&#8221;][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; title=&#8221;7#&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;13&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;25780&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; el_class=&#8221;innerImageContainer&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;innerText&#8221;]Roma\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken yerler listesinin ilk s\u0131ralar\u0131nda yer alan Pantheon Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, \u015fehrin en iyi korunmu\u015f tarihi mek\u00e2n\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak ge\u00e7en Pantheon gerek antik zamanda gerek Roma mimarisinde gerekse g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki bir\u00e7ok yap\u0131da \u00f6rnek al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir \u015faheserdir. Pantheon\u2019un yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f amac\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kesin bir bilgi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak Pantheon\u2019un antik \u00e7a\u011flarda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kompleksin par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar mevcuttur. \u0130lk olarak bir Pagan tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan Pantheon, daha sonra kiliseye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Romal\u0131 yazar Pliny, Pantheon\u2019un i\u00e7erisinde Ven\u00fcs, Mars ve J\u00fcl Sezar\u2019\u0131n heykellerinin oldu\u011funu belirtir. \u00c7e\u015fitli yang\u0131nlarla ve y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yanarak y\u0131k\u0131lan iki eski binan\u0131n \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc yap\u0131, Roma Senatosu\u2019nun toplanma yeri olmu\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar sapasa\u011flam varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Ufak bir kom\u00fcnden, yakla\u015f\u0131k 4.3 milyona ula\u015fan n\u00fcfusuyla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kentlerinden biri h\u00e2line gelen Roma hem bir inan\u00e7 hem de bir sanat \u015fehri&#8230; Tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve antik yap\u0131lar\u0131yla \u00fcn salan \u015fehrin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve do\u011fal zenginlikleri, bu \u015fehri g\u00f6ren herkesi kendine hayran b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Orta \u00c7a\u011f ve R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6nemine ait eserlerin \u00e7ok iyi korundu\u011fu Roma\u2019da, farkl\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25773,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[1369,1681,1683,733],"class_list":["post-25772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rota-doga","tag-baskent","tag-italya","tag-roma","tag-sehir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25772"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25772\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}