[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir ucundan di\u011fer ucuna ileti\u015fim kurabilmek kolay… Diledi\u011fimiz an ileti\u015fim kurmak istedi\u011fimiz herhangi biriyle ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir tu\u015funa basmam\u0131z yeterli. Dilersek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc dilersek sesli ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekillerde birbirimizle ileti\u015fim kurabiliyoruz hem de t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 saniyeler i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek. Telekom\u00fcnikasyon aletleri ilk olarak evlerimize sabit telefonlarla girdi, ard\u0131ndan bu sabit telefonlar kablosuz h\u00e2le geldi derken \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftiren cep telefonlar\u0131 ve internet\u2026 Peki atalar\u0131m\u0131z eskiden birbirinden haber alabilmek i\u00e7in hangi teknolojileri kullan\u0131yordu? Uzak mesafeleri yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131ran ilk telekom\u00fcnikasyon cihaz\u0131 olan telgraf\u0131n icad\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131zda okuyabilirsiniz.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”1#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25715″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]18. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar mesafeler aras\u0131 ileti\u015fim ilkel diyebilece\u011fimiz y\u00f6ntemlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyordu. Ayna, posta g\u00fcvercini, ate\u015f yakma ve sonras\u0131nda posta gibi y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, bir cihaz\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7erek ileti\u015fim kurulmaya bu tarihten sonra ba\u015fland\u0131. Frans\u0131z bilim insan\u0131 Claude Chappe, 1792\u2019de tepelerin \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f kulelerde ileti\u015fim sistemi kurarak bir a\u011f olu\u015fturdu ve 49 de\u011fi\u015fik konuma ayarlanabilen iki uzun kola sahip bir makine geli\u015ftirdi. Her konum bir harfe ve rakama kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyordu. Bu sistem Fransa\u2019da k\u0131sa zamanda pop\u00fclerle\u015fti ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 4838 kilometreye ula\u015ft\u0131.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”2#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25716″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]19. y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7in, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerden farkl\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n mesafeler aras\u0131 ileti\u015fimi sa\u011flayacak cihazlar\u0131 icat etme y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 diyebiliriz. 1830\u2019da Amerikal\u0131 Joseph Henry, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 teller vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ileterek uzak bir noktadaki zili \u00e7almay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r. Bu zil bir elektrom\u0131knat\u0131sa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve ilerleyen y\u0131llarda Samuel Morse\u2019un icad\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n anahtar\u0131 olur. Yine bu tarihlerde \u0130ngiliz mucitler Sir Charles Wheatstone ve William Fothergill Cooke basit bir haberle\u015fme d\u00fczene\u011fi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Asl\u0131nda bir t\u0131p doktoru olan Cooke, Hindistan Madras\u2019ta telgraf sistemine benzer bir cihazla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir haberle\u015fmeye tan\u0131k olur ve t\u00fcm t\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sonland\u0131rarak bu \u00e7ok etkilendi\u011fi haberle\u015fme sistemi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”3#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25717″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]1837\u2019de Londra\u2019ya d\u00f6nen Cooke, 3 i\u011fneli bir telgraf sistemi geli\u015ftirir ancak sistemsel sorunlardan dolay\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde devam eder. Michael Faraday ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek konu hakk\u0131nda tavsiye ister ancak Faraday onu Sir Charles Wheatstone\u2019a y\u00f6nlendirir. \u00c7e\u015fitli aletlerin \u00f6zellikle de m\u00fczik aletlerinin mucidi olan Wheatstone ile Cooke i\u015f birli\u011finden ilk pratik telgraf sistemi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Ancak bu i\u015f birli\u011fi Cooke\u2019un bu icattan \u00fcnl\u00fc olma ve \u00e7ok para kazanma sevdas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7ok da ilerleyemez. Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli b\u00fct\u00e7eleri bulamamalar\u0131 ve fikirsel ayr\u0131l\u0131klardan dolay\u0131 uzun vadede Morse\u2019un telgraf\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya h\u00e2kim olur. Asl\u0131nda bir ressam olan Samuel F. B. Morse i\u00e7in elektri\u011fi kullanarak uzak mesafelere bilgi aktarabilen sistemin mucidi ve patent sahibi diyebiliriz. Bir yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015finin Joseph Henry\u2019nin icad\u0131 olan elektrom\u0131knat\u0131stan bahsetmesi \u00fczerine, y\u0131llard\u0131r Alfred Lewis Vail ile beraber \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 elektrikli telgraf sistemi i\u00e7in eksik par\u00e7ay\u0131 bulan Morse, arkada\u015f\u0131 ile beraber bu sistemin geli\u015fmesini ve ticarile\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”4#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25718″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda Samuel Morse ilk elektrom\u0131knat\u0131sl\u0131 telgraf\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Telgrafta bulunan elektrom\u0131knat\u0131sa ba\u011fl\u0131 kalem, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t bir \u015ferit \u00fczerinde m\u0131knat\u0131stan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sinyal ile zig zag \u00e7izgiler \u00e7izer ancak Morse bu sistemi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bulmaz. Morse alfabesi olarak bildi\u011fimiz alfabenin do\u011fu\u015fu da bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k \u00fczerine ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Morse ve Vail bu \u015feritlerden bir kodlama sistemi olu\u015fturur ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kullan\u0131l\u0131r duruma gelir. \u0130lk telgraf hatt\u0131 ise 1843\u2019te Washington ile Baltimore aras\u0131na \u00e7ekilir.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”5#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25719″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]Telgraf\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi; bir elektrik kayna\u011f\u0131ndan elde edilen ak\u0131m\u0131n kesikli bir bi\u00e7imde bir kablo yard\u0131m\u0131 ile uzak bir noktaya iletilmesi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu iletililer \u2018vurular\u201d \u015feklindedir ve iletil yani vuru, g\u00f6nderen ki\u015finin bir elektrik anahtar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p kapatmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. G\u00f6ndericiden al\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6nderilen elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n telgraf\u0131nda bulunan elektrom\u0131knat\u0131sa ba\u011fl\u0131 kalemi \u00e7ekerek hareket etmesini sa\u011flar. Bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde uzun ve de k\u0131sa \u00e7izgilerden olu\u015fturarak izler b\u0131rakan telgraf sisteminde \u00e7izgiler kodlanm\u0131\u015f bir h\u00e2ldedir ve her \u00e7izgi alfabede bir harfi temsil etmektedir. \u0130\u015fte bu kodlanm\u0131\u015f alfabe mors alfabesidir.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”6#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25720″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]1895\u2019te Rusya\u2019da radyonun icat edilmesiyle birlikte haberle\u015fme teknolojilerinde yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flar. Elektrom\u0131knat\u0131sl\u0131 telgraf, yerini radyo dalgalar\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kablosuz telgraflara b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bu sayede al\u0131c\u0131 ve g\u00f6nderici aras\u0131nda kablo bulunmas\u0131na gerek olmaz. Yani telgraflarla kablosuz ileti\u015fim de radyo dalgalar\u0131 sayesinde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemden itibaren a\u00e7\u0131k denizlerde bulunan gemilerle karalar aras\u0131nda haberle\u015fmenin yolu sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, k\u0131talar aras\u0131ndaki mesafeler \u00f6nemsiz ve bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz son teknolojilerin de \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir ucundan di\u011fer ucuna ileti\u015fim kurabilmek kolay… Diledi\u011fimiz an ileti\u015fim kurmak istedi\u011fimiz herhangi biriyle ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir tu\u015funa basmam\u0131z yeterli. Dilersek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc dilersek sesli ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekillerde birbirimizle ileti\u015fim kurabiliyoruz hem de t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 saniyeler i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek. Telekom\u00fcnikasyon aletleri ilk olarak evlerimize sabit telefonlarla girdi, ard\u0131ndan bu sabit telefonlar kablosuz h\u00e2le geldi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1434,4641,1514,4642],"class_list":["post-25712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-iletisim","tag-telekomunikasyon","tag-telgraf","tag-telgrafin-tarihi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25712"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25712\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}