[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Ate\u015f, el birli\u011fi ile kurdu\u011fumuz medeniyetin in\u015fas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. \u0130lk insanlar; d\u00fc\u015fen y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yang\u0131nlardan elde ettikleri ate\u015f ile \u0131s\u0131nma, vah\u015fi hayvanlardan korunma ve beslenme gibi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi. 800.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde ate\u015fi yemek pi\u015firmek i\u00e7in kullanmaya ba\u015flayan insano\u011flu, bu ate\u015fte pi\u015firdikleri hayvan etindeki ya\u011f\u0131n ate\u015fi harlamas\u0131yla bunu kontrol etmeyi de \u00f6\u011frendi. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlardan \u00e7ald\u0131klar\u0131 ate\u015fi ehlile\u015ftiren insano\u011flunun hayat\u0131na h\u0131zla me\u015faleler, kandiller, mumlar derken elektrik ile \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u011flayan teknolojiler girdi. Yaz\u0131m\u0131zda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ser\u00fcvenini okuyabilirsiniz.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”1#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25507″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]M\u00d6 700\u2019de bitkisel ve hayvansal kat\u0131 ya\u011flar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk kandiller tarih arenas\u0131ndaki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kandillerden \u00e7ok daha sonra kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan mumlar\u0131n ilk olarak ne zaman \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili kesin bir tarih bulunmamaktad\u0131r ancak MS 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda farkl\u0131 materyallerden mum yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Frans\u0131zlar don ya\u011f\u0131 ve bitkisel gliserin ya\u011flar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kat\u0131 bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m kullan\u0131rken, Almanlar parafin ve gaz ya\u011f\u0131ndan mumlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngilizler ise balinadan elde edilen \u201c\u0130sperme\u00e7et\u201d ile kokusuz ve daha parlak \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7an mumlar yapmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. MS 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise maliyeti hayvansal ya\u011flara oranla daha pahal\u0131 olan balmumundan yap\u0131lan mumlar ayd\u0131nlatman\u0131n temel kayna\u011f\u0131 olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”2#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25508″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda sanayile\u015fen \u00fclkelerde petrol t\u00fcrevi yak\u0131tlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan cam ve metal hazneli gaz lambalar\u0131 ve kandiller yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak yo\u011fun kokunun verdi\u011fi rahats\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00e7\u0131kan karbondioksitten kaynakl\u0131 nemli isin zamanla bacada birikerek \u0131\u015f\u0131k seviyesini azaltmas\u0131, gazl\u0131 lambalar\u0131n dezavantajlar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk patentli mum yap\u0131m\u0131 makineleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve evler \u0131\u015f\u0131klanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Stearik asidin ke\u015ffi ve \u00f6rg\u00fc fitillerin tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha da geli\u015fmesiyle daha uzun ve yo\u011fun yanabilen mumlar piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”3#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25509″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]I\u015f\u0131k seviyesi ayarlanabilen ve uzun s\u00fcre kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc olan gaz lambalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f ve insanlar geceleri de ya\u015famaya ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1900\u2019de Paris\u2019te Uluslararas\u0131 Ayd\u0131nlatma Komisyonu (CIE) kurulmu\u015f, ilk gaz kongresi de bu tarihte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00dclkemizde ilk kez 1856\u2019da Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7ine kurulan gazhane ile saray\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Saraydan elde edilen gaz\u0131n fazlas\u0131 Beyo\u011flu B\u00f6lgesi’nin ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”4#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25510″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]\u0130ngiliz Sir Humphry Davy, dinamoyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan karbon filamanl\u0131 ark lambas\u0131n\u0131n halka sunumunu 1809\u2019da Londra\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirse de elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan lambalara ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in 1877\u2019de icat edilen jenerat\u00f6rlerin sahneye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Binlerce patent ba\u015fvurusu olan ve bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bulu\u015fa imza atan Thomas Alva Edison, elektrik filamanl\u0131 lambay\u0131 ilk icat eden ki\u015fi de\u011fil, ticarile\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan isim olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Akkor lambada \u0131\u015f\u0131yan madde olarak bambu, platin, karbon denenmi\u015f ancak daha sonra dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olan tungstene ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk akkor lambalar i\u00e7erisindeki filaman \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a h\u0131zla eskidi\u011fi i\u00e7in, en fazla 1 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6mr\u00fcne sahip olabilmi\u015ftir. Cam ampullerin vakumlanmas\u0131 ve kararl\u0131 gazlar\u0131n da eklenmesi ile performanslar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f, akkor lambalar\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc 1 y\u0131l uzam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, o d\u00f6nemden kalma h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r halde el yap\u0131m\u0131 akkor lambalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kaliforniya\u2019daki bir itfaiye merkezinde bulunan 4 W\u2019l\u0131k bir karbon lamba, tam y\u00fcz on y\u0131ld\u0131r kesintisiz olarak yanmaktad\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”5#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25511″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]1900\u2019lerde, halojen lambalar, gaz de\u015farjl\u0131 lambalar, enerji tasarruflu lambalar (kompakt floresanlar), fiber optikler, neonlar vb. bir\u00e7ok yenilik\u00e7i geli\u015fme ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1937\u2019de \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flar\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 New York D\u00fcnya Fuar\u0131\u2019nda ilk kez floresanl\u0131 lambalar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatm\u0131\u015f ve floresan lambalar 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015ftur. Floresan lambalara kadar elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ayd\u0131nlatma d\u00f6nemi hen\u00fcz yayg\u0131nla\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak floresan lambalar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011findeki 3-4 mg a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki c\u0131va \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7evreye zarar vermektedir. Kullan\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015fsa da hem insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hem de do\u011faya verdi\u011fi zarardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc akkor lambalar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 daha yayg\u0131n olmu\u015ftur.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”6#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25512″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]Floresan lambalar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tehlike ve akkor lambalar\u0131n \u00e7ok fazla enerji sarf etmesi, verimlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeni teknolojilere gebe kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve bu yeni aray\u0131\u015flar neticesinde 1920\u2019lerde Rusya\u2019da icat edilmesine ra\u011fmen geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi LED lamba 1962\u2019de Nick Holonyak taraf\u0131ndan pazara sunulabilmi\u015f, 1959\u2019da General Electric taraf\u0131ndan patenti al\u0131nan ve bilinen t\u00fcm ampullerden daha parlak olan halojen lambalar ancak 1980\u2019lerde piyasaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha iyi ayd\u0131nlatma g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip ticari beyaz LED\u2019ler ise 1996\u2019da hayat\u0131m\u0131za girmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”7#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”25513″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yeni \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n y\u00fczde 85\u2019i LED \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131yla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O zamandan beri, ayd\u0131nlatma gittik\u00e7e daha dinamik h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131kla daha yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler kurulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Art\u0131k ayd\u0131nlatmalar sadece mek\u00e2n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmamakta; sanat projelerinden insanlar\u0131n i\u015flevsel, duygusal ve biyolojik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik zengin se\u00e7enekler sunmaktad\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Ate\u015f, el birli\u011fi ile kurdu\u011fumuz medeniyetin in\u015fas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. \u0130lk insanlar; d\u00fc\u015fen y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yang\u0131nlardan elde ettikleri ate\u015f ile \u0131s\u0131nma, vah\u015fi hayvanlardan korunma ve beslenme gibi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi. 800.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde ate\u015fi yemek pi\u015firmek i\u00e7in kullanmaya ba\u015flayan insano\u011flu, bu ate\u015fte pi\u015firdikleri hayvan etindeki ya\u011f\u0131n ate\u015fi harlamas\u0131yla bunu kontrol etmeyi de \u00f6\u011frendi. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlardan \u00e7ald\u0131klar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25506,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[4237,4238,4239],"class_list":["post-25505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-aydinlanma","tag-aydinlanmanin-tarihi","tag-isik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25505"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25505\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}