[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Kiminin tarihi k\u00f6keni Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131\u2019na, kiminin Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya kimininki de insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131yor. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n modern d\u00fcnyadaki izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f durumda, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde herhangi bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmuyor, ama baz\u0131lar\u0131 da misyonunu ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaya hala devam ediyor. Tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011feri paha bi\u00e7ilmez olan geleneksel mimari yap\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinden 8 tanesini birer \u00f6rnek e\u015fli\u011finde kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za getiriyoruz.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”1#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”18254″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]A\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kal\u0131n duvarlarla \u00e7evrili kaleler, \u00f6zellikle stratejik yerlere askeri ama\u00e7larla in\u015fa edilebildi\u011fi gibi, i\u00e7inde g\u00fcvenli bir ya\u015fam alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da olmu\u015f. Bazen b\u00f6lgenin co\u011frafi \u00f6zellikleriyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ferek bir kayan\u0131n ya da da\u011f\u0131n tepesine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, bazen deniz seviyesinde bir yerle\u015fim yerine, bazen de sularla \u00e7evrili bir ada \u00fczerine. \u00dclkemizin her k\u00f6\u015fesinde farkl\u0131 uygarl\u0131klardan kalan heybetli kalelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Yukar\u0131daki foto\u011frafta g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz ise Rize\u2019nin \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin il\u00e7esindeki F\u0131rt\u0131na Vadisi\u2019nde konumlanm\u0131\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde askeri ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir Orta \u00c7a\u011f \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan Zil Kale.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”2#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”18255″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]Karadaki uzak diyarlara deve, at, kat\u0131r ve e\u015feklerle ticari nakliyat yapan kervanlar\u0131n kervan yolu \u00fcst\u00fcnde konaklamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ilk kez Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan mek\u00e2nlara kervansaray deniyor. Asl\u0131nda ilk yap\u0131lma ama\u00e7lar\u0131 askeri savunma imi\u015f fakat sonra kervanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde konaklamas\u0131na hizmet etmi\u015fler. \u0130pek Yolu gibi ticaret yollar\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131l\u0131rken aralar\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 40 km. mesafe g\u00f6zetilmi\u015f. Yazl\u0131k olanlar avlulu, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k olanlar kapal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Nev\u015fehir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan Sar\u0131han ya da Saruhan Kervansaray\u0131 ise 1249\u2019da Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”3#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”18256″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]Bedesten genel olarak dikd\u00f6rtgen bi\u00e7imde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, kubbelerle \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc yap\u0131lara deniyor. \u0130lk defa 1200\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019da in\u015fa edildikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yap\u0131lma ama\u00e7lar\u0131 de\u011ferli mallar\u0131n, kuma\u015flar\u0131n, m\u00fccevherlerin sat\u0131labilece\u011fi bir alan olu\u015fturmak. Ama yine Anadolu\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan arastalarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak da gerekli. Arasta ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr esnaf\u0131n s\u0131ra s\u0131ra dizildi\u011fi \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lara denirken, bedestende farkl\u0131 esnaf ve meslek gruplar\u0131 ticaret yapabilirmi\u015f. Bedestenler \u015fehrin ticaret merkezine yap\u0131lan ve etraf\u0131nda hareketli bir ya\u015fam\u0131n oldu\u011fu yap\u0131larm\u0131\u015f. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00f6rneklerinden biri ise \u00e7o\u011fumuzun yak\u0131ndan bildi\u011fi \u0130stanbul Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019daki \u0130\u00e7 Bedesten.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”4#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”18257″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]\u00c7e\u015fme kelimesinin k\u00f6keni Fars\u00e7ada \u201cg\u00f6z\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201c\u00e7e\u015fm\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dayan\u0131yor. Su \u00e7\u0131kan kaynaklara \u201cg\u00f6z\u201d dendi\u011fi i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f mek\u00e2nlara yap\u0131lan ve insanlar\u0131n su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan bu mimari yap\u0131lara da \u201c\u00e7e\u015fme\u201d ismi verilmi\u015f. Geleneklerimizde insanlara su sa\u011flamak en b\u00fcy\u00fck hay\u0131r i\u015flerinden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve \u0130stanbul ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Anadolu\u2019nun d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na bazen devlet b\u00fcy\u00fckleri bazen hay\u0131rsever insanlar taraf\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fme yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihi hazinelere verilebilecek \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6rnekten biri III. Ahmet taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan ve ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan, Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 ile Ayasofya aras\u0131nda bulunan rokoko tarz\u0131ndaki meydan \u00e7e\u015fmesidir.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”5#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”18258″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]\u015ead\u0131rvan, genellikle b\u00fct\u00fcn camilerin avlusunda bulunan ve insanlar\u0131n abdest almas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mimari unsurlard\u0131r. K\u00f6\u015fegen bir yap\u0131, sa\u00e7aklar\u0131nda yer alan musluklar ve bunlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ah\u015fap veya ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oturaklar en belirgin \u00f6zellikleridir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kubbe ve kubbeyi tutan s\u00fctunlar da klasik bir \u015fad\u0131rvan\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda hat sanat\u0131n\u0131n ve mermer i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinin sergilendi\u011fi yerlerdir. \u015ead\u0131rvan mimarisinin ender g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6rneklerinden biri foto\u011frafta g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz Bursa\u2019daki Koza Han i\u00e7inde yer alan \u015ead\u0131rvanl\u0131 Camii\u2019dir. Ender olma nedeni ise \u015fad\u0131rvan\u0131n, sekiz cepheli bir mescidin alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda konumlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”6#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”18259″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]\u201cSu depolamak \u00fczere yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k havuz\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen sarn\u0131\u00e7lar \u00e7ok eski \u00e7a\u011flarda in\u015fa edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00f6zellikle Konya \u00e7evresine \u00e7ok say\u0131da sarn\u0131\u00e7 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor fakat ne yaz\u0131k ki bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar ula\u015famam\u0131\u015f. Bizans\u2019tan Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya intikal eden \u0130stanbul\u2019daki sarn\u0131\u00e7lar ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde turistik anlamda da en \u00e7ok ra\u011fbet g\u00f6ren tarihi yap\u0131lar aras\u0131nda bulunmakta. Binbirdirek Sarn\u0131c\u0131 ya da Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131 en \u00e7ok bilinen iki tanesi. Nispeten daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmakla birlikte foto\u011frafta g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz \u015eerefiye Sarn\u0131c\u0131 da \u00f6rneklerden biridir ve Fatih\u2019te yer alan yap\u0131 2010-2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda restore edilerek ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”7#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”18260″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]Ta\u015f k\u00f6pr\u00fcler i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131yd\u0131 desek yeridir. Aras\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla nehir, dere gibi engeller bulunan iki yakay\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f bu mimari yap\u0131lar, b\u00f6ylece o b\u00f6lgedeki insanlar\u0131n bir araya gelmesini ve birbirleriyle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mimari a\u00e7\u0131dan olduk\u00e7a estetik ve g\u00f6rkemli halleriyle Anadolu topraklar\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onlarca k\u00f6pr\u00fc \u015fimdi de ge\u00e7mi\u015fi bug\u00fcne ba\u011flamaya devam ediyor. Yukar\u0131da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz, 193 metre uzunlu\u011fundaki sekiz tonoz kemerli ta\u015f k\u00f6pr\u00fc, Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019\u0131n tarihi il\u00e7esi Palu\u2019da Murat Nehri\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcne bulunuyor.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”innerItemContainer”][vc_column][eltd_section_title alignment=”left” title=”8#” title_font_size=”13″][vc_single_image image=”18261″ img_size=”full” el_class=”innerImageContainer”][vc_column_text el_class=”innerText”]K\u00fcmbetler, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 d\u00f6neminde genellikle devlet b\u00fcy\u00fckleri ve din adamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f an\u0131tmezarlard\u0131r. G\u00f6vdesi silindir, \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 koni \u015feklinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f bu mimari yap\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f cephelerinde ta\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin \u00f6zel \u00f6rneklerini g\u00f6rmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bitlis\u2019in Ahlat il\u00e7esindeki Ulu K\u00fcmbet 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen olduk\u00e7a eski ve \u00f6nemli k\u00fcmbetlerden biridir. Rivayete g\u00f6re asl\u0131nda buraya bir usta ve \u00e7\u0131ra\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan iki k\u00fcmbet yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fakat ustan\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131ra\u011f\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flam kalm\u0131\u015f. Bu nedenle yap\u0131n\u0131n bilinen di\u011fer ad\u0131 Usta-\u015eakirt K\u00fcmbeti\u2019dir.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kiminin tarihi k\u00f6keni Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131\u2019na, kiminin Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya kimininki de insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131yor. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n modern d\u00fcnyadaki izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f durumda, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde herhangi bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmuyor, ama baz\u0131lar\u0131 da misyonunu ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaya hala devam ediyor. Tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011feri paha bi\u00e7ilmez olan geleneksel mimari yap\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinden 8 tanesini birer \u00f6rnek e\u015fli\u011finde kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za getiriyoruz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18253,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[762,763,764],"class_list":["post-18252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-geleneksel-mimari","tag-saruhan-kervansarayi","tag-zil-kale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18252"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18252\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18253"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soms.invekor.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}